123研究物质的比热容习题2

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BEIJING, Feb. 3 (Xinhua) -- Different levels of governments should collect strength to combat drought, which has crippled China's agriculture, said Vice Premier Hui Liangyu Tuesday.     He urged efforts to give drought-relief work top priority.     Hui said the people should build up their confidence and make every effort to overcome difficulties despite severe challenges.     He also asked local governments to strengthen management, adopt effective measures and enhance agricultural technology services sothat farmers could get timely help and guidance.     Financial and material support should be ensured, he added.     Lack of rainfall has led to severe drought in northern China, leaving more than 140 million mu (9.3 million hectares) wheat affected, said the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) head on Tuesday.     As of Monday, 141 million mu wheat in six major grain production provinces, including Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu and Shaanxi, were hit by drought, MOA minister Sun Zhengcai said in an anti-drought video conference.     About 145 million mu crops have been affected by the drought nationwide, or 40 million mu more than the same period last winter, according to the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.     The figure indicated that almost 43 percent of the country's wheat was affected.     Sun said little rain fall since last October was the main reason for the prolonged drought in most of the northern areas, and frequent cold snaps this winter made the situation worse.     According to Monday's weather report by China Meteorological Administration, severe drought in north China was expected to continue as no rain has been forecasted for the next ten days.     The MOA warned that more wheat fields could perish if drought continues to linger.     To cope with the problem, the MOA asked agricultural departments of every level to collect all of their strength to channel water, enhance irrigation and fertilization.     MOA has sent 12 working teams of experts to the drought-hit provinces, to instruct farmers on drought relief work. The Ministry of Water Resources also said it would enhance supervision and launch emergency plan when necessary.     In Anhui Province, where drought has affected about 1.74 million hectares of area and caused an economic loss of 1.6 billion yuan (234 million U.S. dollars), the provincial government allocated 10 million yuan of reserve funds for drought relief and seedling protection, 15 million yuan of special subsidies for anti-drought equipment and another 300 million yuan for farmers to buy relief materials. roll of irrigating plastic pipe is seen on an arid wheat field in Shuanglong Village, Lixin County of east China's Anhui Province, Jan. 22, 2009    Agricultural technicians have been sent to instruct farmers on drought relief work. The provincial government also plans to carryout artificial precipitation when weather permits.     As of Monday, The Ministry of Finance has allocated 100 million yuan (14.6 million U.S. dollars) in emergency funding nationwide to help farmers combat weather difficulties.

NEW YORK, March 1 (Xinhua) -- Leaders of some Chinese-American communities and a Chinese-language newspaper on Sunday lauded Premier Wen Jiabao's online chat with netizens in Beijing a day earlier.    Wen's online chat with netizens shows that the top leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is paying ever closer attention to public opinion, said Steven Wong, acting chairman of the United Federation of Chinese Associations. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao holds an online chat with netizens jointly hosted by the central government website and Xinhua website in Beijing, China, Feb. 28, 2009. Premier Wen rushed to the affected areas immediately after the snow disaster in China's south and the devastating earthquake in the southwest last year to comfort survivors, winning him widespread respect, Wong said.     On the eve of the opening of the annual sessions of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Wen held direct dialogue with netizens to solicit opinions and suggestions from the public, which is not only a boost to public morale, but is also conducive to solving problems in society at large, he said.     Liu Jianmin, chairman of the Greater Los Angeles Area Federation of Promoting China's Unification, said Wen's online chat with Chinese netizens is all the more meaningful as it was held on the eve of the annual meetings of the national legislature and the top advisory body.     Through direct dialogue with vast numbers of netizens, the Chinese leaders could have a deeper understanding of what the ordinary people have in their minds. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao(L) holds an online chat with netizens jointly hosted by the central government website and the Xinhua News Agency website in Beijing, China, Feb. 28, 2009The World Journal, the widest-circulation Chinese-language newspaper in North America, carried the online chat as the headline news on its Chinese Mainland edition.     The report drew attention to the remarks of Premier Wen who emphasized the importance of confidence to fighting the spreading global financial crisis, pledged continued efforts to improve health care and stressed that training and preferential tax measures were needed to encourage rural migrant workers to start their own businesses.

BEIJING, April 12 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government's proposals for strengthening cooperation with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) show that China remains fully confident about the prospects of China-ASEAN cooperation.     During a meeting in Beijing with envoys of the 10 ASEAN countries, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi briefed them about the Chinese government's proposals for enhancing China-ASEAN cooperation in an all-round way. Yang has just returned home from Thailand late Saturday where scheduled ASEAN meetings were postponed due to domestic unrest in that country. Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi (C) meets with envoys of 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), in Beijing, capital of China, on April 12, 2009.China's proposals for strengthening its cooperation with ASEAN include the signing of an investment agreement. The agreement, which was scheduled to be signed during the scheduled meetings, would be conducive to the establishment of the China-ASEAN free trade area.     This demonstrates that that the series of relevant measures China has already decided to adopt will remain unchanged and that China has full confidence in the future of China-ASEAN friendly cooperation, despite the postponement of ASEAN meetings.     Strengthening and deepening cooperation is the common wish of the two sides, and is also an important avenue for fighting protectionism and enhancing their ability to resist risks in the current economic circumstances.     As close neighbors, China and ASEAN countries have enjoyed increased cooperation in various areas. In the face of the global financial crisis, it has become the consensus of both sides that they should work together to ride out the present difficulties.     Expanded cooperation between China and ASEAN will help augment their ability to tackle the crisis.     Making joint efforts to push for the signing of an investment agreement displays the determination of both sides to promote trade and investment liberalization, fight protectionism and achieve a win-win result.     Furthermore, the China-ASEAN free trade area, to be completed in 2010, will play an important and profound role in further strengthening China-ASEAN relations and boosting cooperation in the whole of East Asia.     China and ASEAN countries are close and friendly neighbors. The key to continued development of bilateral relations lies in mutual trust, confidence and unremitting efforts.     Only with that can the two sides enjoy solid cooperation and join hands in achieving sustainable development.

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BEIJING, Feb. 13 -- Chinese banks issued 1.62 trillion yuan (7 billion) in new loans in January, up 101 percent year-on-year, prompting some economists to say the government might not cut interest rates for the time being to boost the economy.     The massive jump in lending is equal to about one-third of the loans issued in the whole of 2008, a year that began on a generally tight credit line, the central bank said yesterday. M2, which includes cash and all types of deposits and indicates overall liquidity in the financial system, grew in January, too, by 18.8 percent year-on-year. It increased 17.8 percent in December.     The massive growth in lending comes at a time when banks are rushing to cherry-pick the juiciest stimulus-package projects, especially major infrastructure ones that need long-term investment, the economists said. Chinese banks issued 1.62 trillion yuan (7 billion) in new loans in January, up 101 percent year-on-year    The government announced a 6-billion package on November 9 to boost domestic demand and shore up investment. Though the central government will shoulder one-third of the cost, banks will play an important role in financing the construction of bridges, railways and highways.     "The banks are fighting for the best projects in the government's stimulus package," said Ha Jiming, chief economist of China International Capital Corp. "It's not surprising to see that an array of the deals were sealed in the past month."     "The massive lending growth minimizes the need to further cut interest rates heftily," said Lian Ping, chief economist with Bank of Communications. "The liquidity problem should ease with such a growth."     The central bank has cut the benchmark lending rate by 2.16 percentage points in the past four months and reduced the deposit reserve requirement ratio in order to ensure there's enough liquidity in the market to boost the economy.     The growth in lending could also prove to be a blessing for cash-strapped domestic enterprises trying to stay afloat amid shrinking overseas demand and waning consumer confidence.     Central bank figures show bill financing, which supplies working capital, accounted for 39 percent of the new loans.     Medium and long-term corporate loans made up 32 percent.     "It (growth) reduces the default risks of domestic firms, which in turn eases worries over bank asset quality at least in the short term," said Sun Mingchun, an economist with Nomura International.     The economists said the dramatic rise in lending could be partly attributed to pent-up demand for loans last year.     The central bank had imposed a curb on lending till November last year to combat inflation and prevent the economy from overheating.     That left "many firms, especially small- and medium-sized ones, facing a severe cash flow problem", Sun said.     Policymakers lifted the curb in November and raised the target for M2 growth to 17 percent for 2009, up from 16 percent that had been in practice since 2006.     The move is expected to ensure there's enough liquidity in the market to spur investment and boost the economy, whose growth dropped to a seven-year low of 6.8 percent in the fourth quarter last year.     "Credit expansion in the first quarter of this year is expected to be very high because banks can maximize investment returns by front-loading new loans," said Jing Ulrich, managing director and chairwoman of China Equities at JP Morgan.     But Ulrich cautioned against a possible rise in credit risk because the increase in liquidity could cause a sharp rise in banks' non-performing loans.

RIYADH, Feb. 11 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao said Wednesday that China will seek an early free trade agreement (FTA) with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).     "The FTA is in the fundamental and long-term interests of both sides and will help deepen their mutually beneficial cooperation and achieve common development," Hu said during a meeting with GCC Secretary General Abdul Rahman Al-Attiya in Riyadh, where the council is headquartered.     "China will work actively toward signing the agreement at an early date," Hu said. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) shakes hands with Abdul Rahman Al-Attiyah, secretary general of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), in Riyadh, capital of Saudi Arabia, Feb. 11, 2009. Hu is in Saudi Arabia for a state visit    Al-Attiya echoed Hu's views and pledged efforts to complete the FTA talks as soon as possible.     China and the GCC launched FTA negotiations in July 2004, and the first round of the talks took place in April 2005.

BEIJING, April 8 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping met on Wednesday with visiting Thai Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn.     Xi expressed appreciation for her contribution to Sino-Thai friendship and donation to the country's earthquake-hit areas.     During her China trip from April 3-10, Sirindhorn visited southwest China's Sichuan Province, and donated 10 million yuan for the rebuilding of schools damaged by last year's devastating earthquake. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R) shakes hands with Thai Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, April 8, 2009    Xi said China is ready to make joint efforts with Thailand to raise bilateral strategic cooperation to a new level.     Remarkable progress in bilateral cooperation has benefited the two peoples, and contributed to regional peace and stability, Xi said.     Sirindhorn told Xi she has a deep affection for China, and she is impressed with the great changes taking place in China whenever she visits the country.     The Thai princess said she would contribute more to enhancing Thailand-China friendship and cooperation.

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BEIJING, March 2 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisory body is to start its annual session Tuesday, with the focus on addressing global financial crisis. The Second Session of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) will open Tuesday afternoon and last nine days, said spokesman for the session Zhao Qizheng at a press conference Monday.     The session's secretariat said political advisors have submitted 296 proposals as of 5 p.m. Monday, with economy, employment and infrastructure being the main concerns as the global financial crisis unfolded. Zhao Qizheng, spokesman of the Second Session of the 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, answers questions from journalists during a news conference on the CPPCC session at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 2, 2009. The Second Session of the 11th CPPCC National Committee is scheduled to open on March 3, 2009.    Members of the CPPCC National Committee have shown great concerns about the economy. Some of them are optimistic about the goal of an 8-percent economic growth this year while others think it is difficult to realize, Zhao said.     China can achieve the goal through its efforts, said Zhao. China must try all means to ensure stable and rapid economic development and strive for the target in order to ride through the crisis, as the country's political advisors all agree.     Jia Qinglin, chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee, will deliver a report on the work of the CPPCC National Committee's Standing Committee over the past year, while Zhang Rongming, vice-chairwoman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee, will report how the suggestions and proposals from CPPCC members were handled since the last session, Zhao said. China's top political advisory body, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), holds a press conference before its annual session at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 2, 2009.CPPCC National Committee members, coming throughout the country, are expected to discuss the report on government work by Premier Wen Jiabao, reports on the work of the Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate, he said.     During the session, the political advisory body will hold two press conferences on the proposals on how to achieve steady and relatively fast economic growth and the World Expo in Shanghai next year.     A total of 2,235 political advisors are expected to attend the session.

DAKAR, Feb. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao will pay a state visit to Senegal on Feb. 13-14, during which the two countries will sign new agreements on economic and technical cooperation, the Chinese ambassador in the West African country announced here on Thursday.     At the invitation of his Senegalese counterpart Abdoulaye Wade, President Hu will make the visit to further enhance the friendly ties between the two countries since diplomatic relations were resumed in October 2005, Chinese Ambassador Lu Shaye told a press conference.     The visit is part of the Chinese president's five-nation trip on Feb. 10-17, which will also take him to Saudi Arabia, Mali, Tanzania and Mauritius.     The Chinese Foreign Ministry said on Tuesday that Hu's visit is aimed at further consolidating China's friendship and cooperation with these countries, strengthening China's cooperation with the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, and promoting the implementation of the measures announced at the 2006 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation.

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BEIJING, March 4 (Xinhua) -- Chinese leaders joined in panel discussions with the country's political advisors Wednesday, calling for concerted efforts to pull through the global financial crisis which is unfolding its impact on the country's economy. Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd R), shakes hands with a member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009. Hu Jintao and Jia Qinglin (1st R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), visited the CPPCC members from the China Association for Promoting Democracy and the China Democratic League on WednesdayAll parties, all organizations, all social strata and all ethnic groups should unite under the central authorities' decisions and strategy to overcome difficulties, President Hu Jintao said in a discussion with members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).     He called on all Chinese people to stand together and "bravely move forward" though difficulties are in sight.     "This year is pivotal for the country to combat the financial crisis and maintain a steady and relatively rapid economic growth," Hu told political advisors from the China Association for Promoting Democracy and the China Democratic League, two non-communist parties.     "To ensure economic growth, people's well-being and social stability is of great importance to maintain a stable overall situation of reform and opening-up," Hu said. Wu Bangguo (front R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the CPC during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009Top legislator Wu Bangguo called on members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to play an exemplary role and contribute wisdom and strength to the national development during his discussion with a group of advisors from the CPC.     Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress, pinpointed the importance of investigation and research on issues concerning people's livelihood in a bid to "fully reflect the real social situations and the public opinions."     He asked the CPPCC members to make efforts to promote the building of a harmonious society. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (front L), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the circles of economy and agriculture during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009In the discussion with advisors from the circles of economy and agriculture, Premier Wen Jiabao said the country need to make large-scale government investment and bring in more social and private funds as well.     While the crisis demands stronger government macro-control, the role of the market mechanism should also be given a full play, he said.     Wen called for resolute and prompt government decisions in the face of the economic woes but stressed that officials must work according to the law and procedures.     "We must make sure every major government investment plan is appraised in a scientific way and will be known, understood and supervised by the people," he said.     "The more difficulties we have, the more opinions we should solicit from various groups," he said. Jia Qinglin (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the CPPCC from the religious circle during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009CPPCC National Committee Chairman Jia Qinglin encouraged political advisors from the religious circle to guide believers to "promote economic development and social stability."     He asked them to work for harmonious religious relations and the reunification of the motherland.     The other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang, also joined panel discussions with political advisors. Li Changchun (L), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the social sciences, media and publication circles during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March Li Changchun told political advisors from the social sciences, media and publication circles to nurture an environment that can help ensure economic growth, people's well-being and social stability by conducting investigations and better answering questions of public concern. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (front L), who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from south China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macao SAR during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.During a panel discussion with advisors from Hong Kong and Macao, Vice President Xi Jinping assured that with the support from the central government and through efforts made by the regional governments, the two special administrative regions will surely tide over the crisis and achieve long-term prosperity. Li Keqiang (2nd R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the education circle during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.Vice Premier Li Keqiang stressed the priority of education in his discussion with advisors from the education circle, saying education is the "strategic foundation" of the country's modernization.     A better education system will benefit the people's well-being and all-round development and provide talent support for the country's economic and social drives, he said. He Guoqiang (2nd R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the China Democratic National Construction Association and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009. He Guoqiang, secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, called on non-public sectors of the economy to adapt to the market transformation, shift development mode and shoulder social responsibility by making more contributions.     He also urged to intensify the battle against corruption and improve officials' work style. Zhou Yongkang (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with specially invited members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.Zhou Yongkang called for preventing and resolving social conflicts and listening to public opinions so as to safeguard public rights and interests.     The CPPCC National Committee started its annual full session Tuesday. The meeting is scheduled to end on March 12.

BEIJING, Feb. 6 (Xinhua) -- The worst drought in half a century in northern China will continue until next month, although it will be eased slightly by rainfall forecasted for the next ten days, according to the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) on Friday.     In March, rainfall in most parts of the wheat-growing areas in northern China is expected to be slightly less or close to normal. However, the wheat crops in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan and Anhui will continue to suffer, said Xiao Ziniu, director of the National Climate Center (NCC) under the CMA said at a videoconference. Workers of a power company help a farmer to irrigate the field in Wuhe County, east China's Anhui Province, Feb. 5, 2009. China raised the drought emergency class Thursday from level two to level one, the highest alert, in response to the worst drought to hit northern China in half a century, according to a State Council meeting.China declared the highest level of emergency on Thursday in response to the rare drought which began in November. President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao have ordered all-out efforts to combat the severe drought in the country's vast wheat-growing area to ensure a good summer harvest.     About half of the total, or 78.77 million mu (5.25 million hectares) of the affected wheat lands have been irrigated in the nation's eight wheat-growing provinces as of Feb. 5, according to data released by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) on Friday. Soldiers of armed police force help a farmer to irrigate his field in Huainan, east China's Anhui Province, Feb. 5, 2009. The ministry said it would offer farmers subsidies on irrigation equipment purchase to aid the relief work. Prices of the facilities should not be higher than the market price for last year.     Buying water pump and the watering machinery will be subsidized to meet the urgent demand of the anti-drought effort, said an official with the ministry, stressing that the product quality should be insured.     The area of affected crops has expanded to 161 million mu by Feb. 6. 4.37 million people and 2.1 million livestock are facing drinking water shortage, according to data released by the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. People barrel drinking water supplied by the local government at Chengguan Township in Ruyang County of Luoyang City, central China's Henan Province, Feb. 4, 2009. The city had received a reduced effective rainfall since October 2008, almost 80 percent less than in the same period of previous years. The local government has allocated some 25 million yuan (3.65 million U.S. dollars) for drought relief and crops protectionThe scarcity of rain in some parts of the north and central provinces is the worst in recorded history, as the drought spanned from autumn to winter -- a weather trend not witnessed in years, according to Sun Zhengcai, the Minister of Agriculture. The situation in some areas is extremely severe, he said.     Lack of rain has created a layer of three-to-ten-centimeter of dry soil in many parts of northern China, Sun said.     As the drought will not be relieved in the short-run, more seedlings are likely to be killed as spring approaches, which could threatened the summer harvest. Photo taken on Feb. 5, 2009 shows a dead wheat seedling in the farmland of Taiping township of Huining County, northwest China's Gansu Province. The county has suffered from serious drought since September 2008 with about 150,667 hektares of farmland and 184,000 people and 326,000 livestocks short of water. MOA data showed more than 2.3 million mu of wheat seedlings in Henan, Anhui and Shandong provinces had perished.     This year's summer harvest became more unpredictable as Puccinia striiformis, or stripe rust, one of the most damaging wheat disease began to show signs of spreading across the nation, MOA warned.     The dangerous disease, which could cause losses up to 40 percent, has affected more than 11.3 million mu (753,000 hectares) of wheat in seven provinces, 4.6 million mu more than the same period last year. The northwestern Gansu and Ningxia saw the worst outbreak in 19 years.