中国地方政府竞争与制度变迁1

小儿脓毒血症论文

CHENGDU, June 29 (Xinhua) -- The current earthquake relief and rebuilding work have further displayed the nature and capabilities of the Communist Party of China (CPC), said Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping Sunday in a tour to quake-hit areas of Sichuan Province.     The mainstay role played by Party organizations at different levels, Party members and officials in the anti-quake campaign shows that the recent years' efforts to Party building have been "very fruitful," said Xi, also member of the Standing Committee ofthe CPC Central Committee Political Bureau.     During his 3-day inspection tour, Xi visited Youxian, Pingwu, Beichuan, Jiangyou, Dujiangyan and Wenchuan counties, which were worst hit by the May 12 earthquake. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (Front) looks at quake ruins in Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County, southwest China's Sichuan Province, June 29, 2008. Xi Jinping inspected the quake relief work in Sichuan Province in the recent daysHe talked to ordinary quake survivors, Party members and officials, and rescuers, while visiting tents and makeshift residence buildings. He also distributed books to some students. He told construction workers from Shandong, Guangdong and all other provinces to ensure the quality of the temporary houses.     Wherever he went, Xi inquired the performances of local Party organizations and Party members in the rescue and relief work. He spoke highly of the many "Party Member Commandoes", who have won high appreciation by the people.     "(We must) ensure that where there are people still in need, anti-quake efforts and rebuilding work to be done, there are grassroots Party organizations and Party work," he said.     On Sunday afternoon, Xi presided over a workshop, to hear reports by local officials and study relief, post-quake rebuilding, and economic and social development in Sichuan. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (C) visits quake-affected people at a resettlement in Dujiangyan, southwest China's Sichuan Province, June 28, 2008. Xi Jinping inspected the quake relief work in Sichuan Province in the recent daysHe said "a safe, timely and smooth relay of the Olympic Torch in Sichuan must be ensured," which will be the last leg of the torch relay only second to Beijing, host city of the 29th Olympic Games.     On the same day, Xi had a meeting with visiting delegations of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, respectively led by HK Chief Executive Donald Tsang Yam-kuen and Macao Chief Executive Ho Hau-wah. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L) shakes hands with a woman as he visits quake-affected people in Pingtong Town of Pingwu County, southwest China's Sichuan Province, June 28, 2008. Xi Jinping inspected the quake relief work in Sichuan Province in the recent days.

GUANGZHOU, June 16 (Xinhua) -- South China's Guangdong Province was facing the threat of serious flooding as two swollen rivers converged in the Pearl River Delta on Monday, resulting in a flood equivalent to a worst in 50 years.     The runoff in Xijiang River was 46,800 cubic meters per second and in Beijiang River 15,200 cubic meters per second before they met each other in Foshan City, according to the Guangdong provincial headquarters of flood control and drought relief, which said this was far higher than normal.     The danger of serious flooding is made worse by the pull from the moon, which is rising to its most powerful point in the month on Wednesday, posing a threat for river embankments across the delta, experts said.     More rains were forecast in the upstream areas of Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers in next two days. Local people row boats in flooded Daoshui Town of Wuzhou City, southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, June 16, 2008. As of Monday evening, flood has affected 92 counties, cities and regions in Guangxi. Some 7.54 million people were plagued by the flood with direct economic loss standing at about 4.6 billion RMB yuan (660 million U.S. dollars).     The Guangdong provincial flood control headquarters on Monday ordered local governments to reinforce river embankments in nine cities, including Guangzhou and to prepare to evacuate people in danger. Two buffaloes swim in the Pearl River in Sanshui City, south China's Guangdong Province, June 16, 2008. The first flood peak of the Pearl River passed the Makou hydrometric station in Sanshui on Monday. The water level at the station reached 8.26 meters, 0.76 meters higher than the alert levelThe Pearl River Delta is a major manufacturing base of the country, while Guangdong posted a gross domestic product (GDP) of more than 2.59 trillion yuan (375 billion U.S. dollars) in 2006, ranking the first on the Chinese mainland.     Recent rainstorms and floods have affected 5.76 million people in 17 cities in Guangdong, including 20 deaths and eight missing persons.     Continuous downpours had cut seven national highways and 68 provincial ones in Guangdong, causing an economic loss of 600 million yuan. Seven provincial highways remained paralyzed on Monday while the others have been repaired.     At least 57 people have been killed and 1.27 million people relocated as rainstorms and floods ravaged nine provinces and region in south China and affected 17.87 million people, authorities said on Sunday. Photo taken on June 16, 2008 shows the cracks on the side slope of State Highway No. 321 in Congjiang County, southwest China's Guizhou Province. Immediate survey and preliminary proposal were carried out by the highway administration bureau of Kaili City and local government as soon as cracks were discovered on the side slope after recent heavy rainfallGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region bordering Guangdong on Monday also ordered two cities along the Xijiang River to reinforce embankments as heavy rains continued.     More than 70,000 people were relocated on Monday in Guangxi, bringing the total number of relocated people to 916,000. More than 7.5 million people have been affected as of 6 p.m. Monday, the regional civil affairs department said.     Storms hit 12 towns in southern parts of Guizhou Province on Sunday and Monday, leaving more than 400 houses inundated and crops damaged.     Hunan Province to the north of Guangdong on Monday claimed victory in fighting the first flood in the province this year with the flood crest passing the provincial capital of Changsha safely, despite two monitoring stations recorded highest water level in the history.     One people died and another was missing in Hunan's flood, which also toppled down houses and cut off roads.

BEIJING, Oct. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank on Wednesday announced cuts in both the interest rate and reserve-requirement ratio in the latest effort to boost the domestic economy amid worries over the deepening global financial crisis.     The deposit and lending rates would be lowered by 0.27 percentage points from Thursday and the reserve-requirement ratio would be down by 0.5 percentage points from Oct. 15, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) said.     "This was mainly out of concerns over an economic slowdown," said Ba Shusong, deputy chief of the Finance Research Institute under the Development Research Center of the State Council.     "The rate cut was expected as the world was faced with a cycle of interest rate cuts," he told Xinhua.     OUT OF SLOWDOWN CONCERNS     The loosening in monetary policy, the second such move in less than a month, highlighted the government's rising concern over the slowing economy and slumping capital market.     The PBOC cut the benchmark one-year lending rate by 0.27 percentage points on Sept. 16, the first rate cut in six years. It also lowered the reserve requirement at medium- and small-sized lenders by 1 percentage point as of Sept. 25.     Tang Min, China Development Research Foundation deputy secretary, echoed Ba's viewpoint.     Tang said the government made the move mainly out of concerns over domestic problems. "The deepening U.S.-originated credit crisis has impacted the psychology of Chinese and also the real economy," he told Xinhua.     Investors, gripped by lingering fears of global economic downturn, dumped equities to drive the stock market down 66 percent from its peak last October.     China's gross domestic product (GDP) expanded 10.1 percent in the second quarter of the year, marking a deceleration for four consecutive quarters.     Its exports, a major driver behind the economy, reported slowing growth this year as the credit crisis reduced overseas demand for its goods. This has led to the closures of tens of thousands of local exporters and also job losses.     Local businesses bore the brunt of higher borrowing costs and were even finding it difficult to get credit after last year's tightening measures aimed at curbing inflation and averting economic overheating.     The easing in inflation has given room for the authorities to loosen monetary policy. The consumer price index rose 4.9 percent in August, off from the 12-year-high of 8.7 percent in February.     "Inflation is no longer a threat with the declining commodities prices," Tang said.     The monetary policy has been starting to loosen and the trend would not change in the short term, said Zhuang Jian, an Asian Development Bank (ADB) economist. "The whole world doesn't have strong confidence in the economic outlook."     TAX CUT TO BOOST DEMAND     In another move to boost domestic demand, the State Council, China's Cabinet, said it would scrap the 5 percent individual income tax on savings interest earnings starting on Thursday.     China began levying a 20 percent individual income tax on interest earnings in 1999 to narrow the income gap and encourage consumption and investment. The tax rate was slashed to 5 percent on Aug. 15, 2007.     The income tax cut was a must as it would help alleviate the erosion on personal income by high prices, especially given the cut in the deposit rate, Li Yang, head of the Finance Research Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.     The tax cut, together with lower borrowing costs, would boost domestic demand, an increasingly more important driver of economy in the global credit crisis, Zuo Xiaolei, China Galaxy Securities chief economist, said.     GLOBAL COORDINATED RESPONSE     The move was also a timely response to the rate cuts by other major central banks and part of a coordinated effort to stem the global crisis, Tang said.     Six other major central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, slashed interest rates on the same day to cope with the current financial crisis.     The U.S. Federal Reserve lowered its target for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage points to 1.5 percent. The Bank of England cut its rate by half a point to 4.5 percent and the European Central Bank cut by the same margin to 3.75 percent.     Central banks of Canada, Sweden and Switzerland took similar actions. The Bank of Japan said it strongly supported these policy actions.     Australia's central bank on Tuesday slashed the interest rate by 1 percentage point, the largest cut since 1992.

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HAIKOU, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Higos, the 17th tropical storm of the year, landed in China's southernmost Hainan Province Friday evening, local observatory said.     Higos landed at 10:15 p.m. in Longlou Town, Wenchang City, 19.6 degrees north latitude and 111.0 degrees east longitude. The wind speed at the eye of the storm was 18 meters per second, according to the Hainan Provincial Meteorological Observatory.     It was forecast to weaken and move northwest towards the coastal areas of western Guangdong Province. Delayed trucks are parked at the Xiuying port in Haikou, capital of south China's Hainan Province Oct. 3, 2008, due to the suspension of ferry service.In total, 24,115 fishing boats in the province had returned to port and coastal fisheries staff had gone home. All recreational sporting activities on the air or sea were also suspended on Friday, said Lin Mingzhong, Hainan Provincial Office for Flood, Wind and Drought Control deputy director.     He predicted Higos would have minor impact on the island as the rainfall was expected to be around 100 mm. It was likely to affect some small reservoirs as their current water level was high.     Higos was formed on Tuesday in the Pacific Ocean, coming on the heels of tropical storms Jangmi and Hagupit, which combined had killed about 20 people in China. A rescue ship waits at a port in Haikou, capital of south China's Hainan Province Oct. 3, 2008. Higos, the 17th tropical storm this year, will drop heavy rain on parts of south China's Guangdong and Hainan provinces over the next two days, the country's National Meteorological Observatory said on Thursday.

BEIJING, July 31 (Xinhua) -- China's military would increase cooperation with foreign armed forces in order to contribute more to common development, Defense Minister Liang Guanglie said on Thursday.     At a reception at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing to mark the 81st anniversary of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Liang said, "China will take the road of peaceful development, unswervingly, and carry out an independent and self-reliant, peaceful diplomatic policy and a defensive defense policy, no matter how the international situation changes."     A member of the Central Military Commission (CMC) and a state councilor, Liang stressed the fundamental necessity of the Army's acceptance of "the absolute leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC)". A reception is held by the Denfense Ministry of China to celebrate the 81st Army Day which will fall on August 1, 2008 in Beijing, China, on July 31, 2008. China would never take to hegemonism and expansionism and posed no threat to any other country, Liang said.     He noted the "positive changes" regarding the situation across the Taiwan Straits, while pointing out that pro-independence forces in Taiwan had never abandon their activities.     "We are strongly determined to oppose and curb the separatist activities of 'Taiwan independence' forces," he said.     The mainland would show its utmost sincerity and exert its greatest efforts for the welfare of Chinese compatriots on both sides of the Straits, to seek peace, safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. A reception is held by the Denfense Ministry of China to celebrate the 81st Army Day which will fall on August 1, 2008 in Beijing, China, on July 31, 2008. Military officers of Foreign Embassies in China and their wives also attend the reception. Liang also praised the efforts of the armed forces during the severe winter weather chaos at the start of the year and after the May 12 earthquake.     The reception was attended by other CMC members, including Chen Bingde, Li Jinai, Liao Xilong, Jing Zhiyuan, Wu Shengli and Xu Qiliang, as well as foreign military attaches.     In August 1927, the CPC-led armed forces held an uprising against warlords, which is regarded as the founding day of the services. reception is held by the Denfense Ministry of China to celebrate the 81st Army Day which will fall on August 1, 2008 in Beijing, China, on July 31, 2008. Military officers of foreign embassies in China and their wives also attend the reception.

LANZHOU, Sept. 14 (Xinhua) -- Inspectors had found poisonous chemical in the Sanlu infant formula produced by one of its partner producers in northwest China's Gansu Province, an official said on Sunday.     Two out of the 12 samples randomly selected from the Sanlu milk powder produced by the Haoniu Dairy Co., Ltd. in Jiuquan City had tested positive for melamine, said Xian Hui, vice-governor of Gansu.     "The products of Haoniu have been sealed up," he said.     The test was conducted after the Sanlu Group, a leading Chinese dairy producer based in northern Hebei Province, admitted that it had found some of its baby milk powder products were contaminated with melamine, a chemical raw material strictly forbidden by the country to be used in food processing.     As of Saturday, a total of 432 babies throughout the nation have been sickened with kidney stones after drinking the contaminated milk powder.     Haoniu was founded in 2002 with the registered capital of 51 million yuan (7.45 million U.S. dollars). Its production was in line with the Sanlu standard and its products use the Sanlu trademark.     As of Saturday night, Gansu has reported 102 cases of infant kidney stone caused by the Sanlu milk powder. Two babies have died, Xian said.     The province has so far seized altogether 164,000 packs of Sanlu milk powder.

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BEIJING, Aug. 20 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Wednesday paid a morale-boosting visit to the country's Paralympic athletes, urging them to "strive to become strong and fight for the best."     With 16 days to go until the opening ceremony in Beijing, Hu, accompanied by Vice President Xi Jinping, went to the training center for Paralympic athletes in a northeastern suburb of the capital in the morning. Chinese President Hu Jintao shakes hands with an athlete at the training center for Paralympic athletes in Beijing, China, Aug. 20, 2008.More than 300 Chinese athletes competing in the Sept. 6-17 Games were busy training at the center, the country's first national-level training facility for disabled athletes.     The 547-member China delegation, the largest in history, will participate in all 20 events during the upcoming Paralympics.     Hu watched the training of the athletes in track and field, football, swimming and wheelchair basketball.     He cheered on Li Duan who had lost his sight 12 years ago in an accident, as he practiced long jump under the guidance of his coach. Li won two gold medals at the 2004 Athens Paralympics. Chinese President Hu Jintao cheers on swimmers at the training center for Paralympic athletes in Beijing, China, Aug. 20, 2008 "I heard you used to play basketball and switched to long jump after an accident. It must have not been easy for you." Hu said while holding the blind man's hands.     "A soldier could be injured, but he remained a soldier. An armyman could fall down, but his will was unbeatable," Li, a soldier in service, responded in high spirit. He said he would fight for better performances at the Beijing Games.     Hu also shook hands with other track and field athletes, and looked over the artificial limbs and racing wheelchairs they used.     "I was here to cheer for you before the opening of the Games, and I was moved to see all of you striving to become stronger and training very hard." He wished them all good luck during the Games. Chinese President Hu Jintao holds a football after writing "striving to become strong and fighting for the best" on it at the training center for Paralympic athletes in Beijing, China, Aug. 20, 2008. Hu also watched football players afflicted with cerebral palsy in training. They were the first-such group from China to represent the country in the Paralympics.     He wrote on a football "striving to become strong and fighting for the best," after the 12 athletes gave the president a football with their own signatures.     He said he hoped they would not only fight in the upcoming competition, but also in their daily lives.     At the swimming stadium, Hu said he believed the athletes would fully demonstrate their abilities and bring some glory for the country. Chinese swimmers had performed well in previous events. Chinese President Hu Jintao shakes hands with wheelchair basketball players at the training center for Paralympic athletes in Beijing, China, Aug. 20, 2008Hu opened a game for wheelchair basketball players, and applauded the frequent baskets by the athletes. He urged players to put participation before winning and enjoy the fun of the Games.     Hu also visited a downtown community home for the disabled after he left the training center to find out about the community services provided for the ordinary handicapped population in the capital. Chinese President Hu Jintao shakes hands with a disabled man who is playing chess in Shichahai community home for the disabled in Beijing, China, Aug. 20, 2008. At the special home set in a courtyard, he chatted with the disabled who were painting, writing, surfing on the Internet, playing Chinese chess or receiving recovery exercises.     He also joined some mentally-challenged people who were learning to make pizzas and dumplings, and another 20 handicapped making handicrafts such as bracelets and cloth paintings.     "The country will take more measures and make more efforts to improve the living conditions to let all the handicapped have a happy life in their mother country," Hu pledged.

HARBIN, July 24 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese official has called for carrying on ideological emancipation, persisting in the reform and opening-up policy, pushing forward scientific development and making new breakthroughs in promoting social harmony, to promote rapid and sound economic and social development.     Li Changchun, a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, made the call during an inspection tour in Heilongjiang Province from July 20-23, in the company of the provincial CPC chief Ji Bingxuan and governor Li Zhanshu. Li Changchun (L1), a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, talks to staff at Donghu community during an inspection tour in Heilongjiang Province July 22, 2008He urged the northeastern province to seize the opportunity for industrial revival.     Li visited villages, communities, factories and cultural organizations in the cities of Mohe, Heihe, Daqing and Harbin.     In Mohe, the country's northeasternmost town, the official paid a visit to the Beiji (Polar) Village, where he learned that local villagers now have cable TV. He also visited Daqing, China's largest oil production base and Harbin, the provincial capital.     Local governments should build more public cultural facilities, he said.     He urged the province to deepen its cultural restructuring, support multi-talented professionals and develop cultural products with brand names that were recognized at home and abroad.     In Daqing, Li also visited the memorial to Iron Man Wang Jinxi, an oil worker who devoted his life to the development of the petroleum industry.     Daqing, a city built on the vast oil field, is known for the "Daqing Red Flag", a model set for all industries in the country by late leader Mao Zedong.

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BEIJING, Aug. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said on Thursday he hoped that Hungarian athletes had good results in the ongoing Olympics.     He made the comments while meeting with the Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany. Wen welcomed Gyurcsany to watch the Olympic Games. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) shakes hands with Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany in Beijing, China, Aug. 14, 2008Wen also expressed gratitude for the assistance of Hungary after the massive May 12 earthquake in southwest Sichuan Province, in particular its arrangement of sending recuperating children to Hungary.     China valued its traditional friendship with Hungary and would take the 60th anniversary of bilateral ties in the coming year as an opportunity to push forward all-round cooperation, Wen said.     Gyurcsany said Hungary hoped to enhance high-level contacts and trade and cultural exchanges with China, and would like to play a positive role in promoting relations between China and the European Union.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) meets with Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany in Beijing, China, Aug. 14, 2008.

China's hotel and catering industry saw its retail sales rose 24.3 percent in the first seven months over the same period last year, the Ministry of Commerce (MOC) said on Friday.The growth rate was 6.5 percentage points higher than the same period last year, said the MOC on its website.Retail sales of the country's hotel and catering industry amounted to 837.49 billion yuan (1.99 billion) between January and July, accounting for 14 percent of the nation's total domestic retail sales during the same period.China's retail sales of consumer goods in the first seven months of this year was 5.9672 trillion yuan, up 21.7 percent, compared with 15.5 percent growth rate recorded over the same period of last year.Foreign hotel and catering enterprises established 399 new branches in China during the January and July period, down 18.2 percent over the same period last year, while contract value rose 4.3 percent to .71 billion.The country's hotel and catering industry reaped 116.8 billion yuan in July alone, representing an increase of 26.5 percent over the same month last year, according to the MOC.