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BEIJING, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao has called on Chinese women to make more contributions to the country.     Hu, also General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remark on Saturday when he met with the newly elected leaders of the All-China Women's Federation and some delegates to the 10th National Women's Congress.     Hu said Chinese women have made extraordinary contributions to the progress of the nation's civilization and economic growth, from the revolutionary wartime to the current socialist construction and reform.     The President said Chinese women deserved the title of "half of the sky", which means women could play an equal part as men in society.     Hu Jintao called on the Chinese women to make more contributions to the country's economic, social and cultural constructions and pursue scientific methods of education to cultivate their children.     Women should also strive to create a harmonious family environment to make contributions to the stability and harmony of the whole society, he said.     The President also urged female leaders and women's organizations at all levels to pay more attention to women's interests, and make all-out effort to serve them.     The Party organs at all levels should be fully aware of the great importance of women's roles and thoroughly carry out the country's policy of gender equality by creating more opportunities for women.

BEIJING, Oct. 15 (Xinhua) -- China's senior political advisors convened here on Wednesday to discuss the new Party decision on rural reform and advice on the issue.     During the four-day third meeting of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, political advisors were expected to carefully review the decision made at the third Plenary Session of the 17th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee that closed on Sunday, said Jia Qinglin, the CPPCC National Committee chairman who presided over the meeting.     The CPPCC had made great efforts to study the issues of agriculture, rural development and improving farmers' life, he said. "We hope political advisors can present their findings, put forward proposals and contribute to the rural reform and development." Jia Qinglin (C), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), addresses the opening session of the 3rd meeting of the standing committee of CPPCC's 11th national committee in Beijing, capital of China, on Oct. 15, 2008    Vice Premier Hui Liangyu was invited to give a presentation of the new CPC decision to the advisors at the meeting.     In the decision, the CPC summed up the experiences of the past three decades of rural reform, analyzed chances and challenges the country faced and worked out a guideline for the future, Hui said. Photo taken on Oct. 15, 2008 shows the opening session of the 3rd meeting of the standing committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC) 11th national committee in Beijing, capital of China, on Oct. 15, 2008.

BEIJING, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China's (CPC) top anti-corruption official on Friday urged tighter supervision and inspection to ensure the implementation of the central government's economic policies.     He Guoqiang, secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), made these comments at a conference held before inspection groups headed for local governments.     The central government has announced steps to spur domestic demand and boost economic development in the face of the global economic slowdown.     A supervision work leading group, composed of the CCDI, the Ministry of Supervision, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the National Audit Office, has been set up to supervise the projects invested in by the central government and the implementation of economic policies.     Twenty-four groups will go to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to carry out inspections.     He asked inspectors to examine project plans, as well as approval and construction procedures, to ensure they were in compliance with laws and regulations.     Supervision over the management and use of money, as well as project quality, should be tightened, He said.     He, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, added that officials found taking bribes or embezzling funds should be severely punished.

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BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, or Cabinet, passed a long awaited medical reform plan which promised to spend 850 billion yuan (123 billion U.S. dollars) by 2011 to provide universal medical service to the country's 1.3 billion population.     The plan was studied and passed at Wednesday's executive meeting of the State Council chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao.     Medical reform has been deliberated by authorities since 2006.     Growing public criticism of soaring medical fees, a lack of access to affordable medical services, poor doctor-patient relationship and low medical insurance coverage compelled the government to launch the new round of reforms.     According to the reform plan, authorities would take measures within three years to provide basic medical security to all Chinese in urban and rural areas, improve the quality of medical services, and make medical services more accessible and affordable for ordinary people.     The meeting decided to take the following five measures by 2011:     -- Increase the amount of rural and urban population covered by the basic medical insurance system or the new rural cooperative medical system to at least 90 percent by 2011. Each person covered by the systems would receive an annual subsidy of 120 yuan from 2010.     -- Build a basic medicine system that includes a catalogue of necessary drugs produced and distributed under government control and supervision starting from this year. All medicine included would be covered by medical insurance, and a special administration for the system would be established.     -- Improve services of grassroots medical institutions, especially hospitals at county levels, township clinics or those in remote villages, and community health centers in less developed cities.     -- Gradually provide equal public health services in both rural and urban areas in the country.     -- Launch a pilot program starting from this year to reform public hospitals in terms of their administration, operation and supervision, in order to improve the quality of their services.     Government at all levels would invest 850 billion yuan by 2011 in order to carry out the five measures according to preliminary estimates.     The meeting said the five measures aimed to provide universal basic medical service to all Chinese citizens, and pave the road for further medical reforms.     The meeting also decided to publish a draft amendment to the country's regulation on the administration on travel agencies for public debate.     It also ratified a list of experts and scholars who would receive special government allowances.

BEIJING, Oct. 19 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) issued a policy document on Sunday urging the improved social welfare enjoyed by the country's 900 million rural population.     The Decision on Major Issues Concerning the Advancement of Rural Reform and Development was approved by the CPC Central Committee on Oct. 12 in a plenary session.     RURAL CULTURE AND EDUCATION     The document urged for further cultural development in the country's rural areas, quoting that "rural cultural development is of great importance to building a new socialist countryside."     It demanded TV, radio and movies be more accessible in the rural areas, and more community cultural centers to be set up in the villages along with countryside libraries.     Cultural products based on rural lives and activities, which the farmers are willing to participate and have easy access to should be encouraged, the document said.     It urged urban organizations to go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical services to farmers, and help them break away from superstitions and build a harmonious society that advocated gender equality and honesty. Local farmers work in the fields in Wenxian County of Longnan City, northwest China's Gansu Province, on Oct. 19, 2008. Reconstruction on agriculture is accelerated in Longnan, the province's most suffered area in the May 12 earthquake that devastated China's southwest and northwest regions    The document also said efforts must be made to improve the education level in rural areas, especially for the left-behind children, those whose parents are both working in the cities, and children from economically-challenged families.     Professional trainings should be provided in townships to train farmers, while college students were encouraged to go the countryside to work.     Quality of teachers in the rural areas would be improved, along with their salaries and working conditions, the document said.     SOCIAL WELFARE AND RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE     In addition, efforts must be made to ensure all farmers can enjoy basic medicare service by sticking to the rural cooperative medical system, the document said.     It demanded every county and township should have its own medical institution, while villages in the rural areas were also encouraged to set up medical stations to provide "safe and inexpensive medical service" to farmers.     Endemic diseases, infectious diseases and disease that affects both human beings and livestock must be closely guarded against, with the focus on prevention of such illness.     The one-child policy must be adhered to in the countryside to retain a low birth rate in the rural areas, and to deal with a disproportional sex ratio, the document said.     It also demanded to accelerate the construction of a comprehensive social welfare system in the countryside.     A new old age insurance system in the rural areas should be established in the countryside with the premiums paid by the beneficiaries and the collective and government subsidies. Authorities should find ways to incorporate the system with the urban old-age insurance system, it said.     In addition, the livelihood of farmers whose land had been requisitioned must be guaranteed before the requisition procedure, the document said.     The rural minimum living allowance system must be perfected with larger subsidies from the central and provincial budget, to cover all applicable with improved benefits.     Living standards of those who receive five guarantees, namely food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses provided by local governments for their lack of relatives and working abilities, should be in accordance with the average living standards of the neighborhood, the document demanded.     It also urged to improve the relief system to help farmers affected by natural disasters and boost social welfare for the old, the handicapped, the poor and orphans.     Prevention of disability and rehabilitation for the disabled must also be strengthened in the countryside, the document said.     The document highlighted the importance of infrastructure construction in the rural areas.     The committee vowed to ensure villagers to have safe drinking water within five years and townships be connected by cement roads by the end of 2010.     Efforts should be made to develop renewable energy resources, including methane, wind and solar energy, it said, adding Internet service would be accessible for more farmers.     POVERTY REDUCTION AND DISASTER RELIEF     The committee pledged to provide more low-income farmers with financial aid and give more assistance to people in remote areas, revolutionary bases, ethnic minority regions and poverty-stricken places.     International cooperation should be enhanced to fight poverty in the countryside, it read.     To install an upgraded natural disaster forecasting system and raise farmers' awareness of emergency response and relief was also one of the document's high points.     The capacity of forecasting disastrous weather, ecological disasters and monitoring earthquakes should be strengthened and more needs to be done to promote farmers' disaster prevention and relief awareness, it said.     The paper also set the direction for public facility safety standards, saying schools and hospital buildings should all be safe and up to construction standards.     All-out efforts should be made to restore the agriculture work in the area struck by the May 12 Sichuan earthquake and more measures need to be adopted to heal and improve the ecological conditions in the quake-hit region, it noted.     HARMONIOUS SOCIETY IN THE COUNTRYSIDE     It also emphasized the importance of maintaining a "harmonious" and "stable" environment in the countryside.     More channels should be opened to solicit farmers' opinions and address their complaints and problems, said the paper, adding leaders should pay frequent visits to farmers and solve villagers' problems at the grassroot level.     The committee further underscored ethnic relations. The equal, united, mutually-aided and harmonious ethnic relations should be consolidated and developed, it said.     Interference with village affairs by any religious groups or clans would be objected; evil cults in villages were prohibited and any mafia-style force would incur severe crackdown, it said. Local farmers work in the fields in Wenxian County of Longnan City, northwest China's Gansu Province, on Oct. 19, 2008. Reconstruction on agriculture is accelerated in Longnan, the province's most suffered area in the May 12 earthquake that devastated China's southwest and northwest regions

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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

BEIJING, Oct. 20 (Xinhua) -- China's top economic planning agency on Monday said it would raise the minimum purchasing price for wheat by as much as 15.3 percent starting next year.     The move by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) aims to boost rural income and grain output. The country, with a population of more than 1.3 billion, relies mainly on domestic production for food.     By hiking grain purchasing prices the NDRC hopes to motivate farmers to increase agricultural production.     The government's minimum purchasing price for white wheat next year will be 0.87 yuan (12.7 U.S. cents) per 500 grams, 13 percent higher than prices in 2008. In addition, prices for red and mixed wheat will be 0.83 yuan per 500 grams, up 15.3 percent.     The agency also pledged to further increase subsidies for agricultural production materials, machinery and crop seeds.     It will also increase commercial reserves of fertilizer to help ensure market supply and price stability.     The NDRC would like to expand China's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.     On Oct. 11, China's Ministry of Agriculture predicted an increase in grain output for the fifth consecutive year.     According to estimates from the State Grain Information Center, this year's grain output should reach 511.5 million tons, up 10 million tons from 2007.     The central government allocated 102.86 billion yuan (15.1 billion U.S. dollars) in agriculture subsidies this year, doubling the money from 2007.     The NDRC also plans to raise the minimum purchasing price for rice next year, although it did not give further details.

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BEIJING, Dec. 1 -- Amid the coupling effects of shrinking global demand and rising operating costs, it has been a dramatic upheaval this year for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) after China started its reforms 30 years ago.    Even as the scene appears a bit scary, there is still a ray of hope if only entrepreneurs note the writing on the wall and go all out to cut costs before they raise the clamor for a bailout.Two women make beds on a production line of the small private firm Nangang Shoemaking Factory in Foshan, Guangdong province.In the first half of 2008, much before the world saw the capital markets going topsy turvy amid the global economic slowdown, over 67,000 SMEs in China went bankrupt, while more than 10,000 labor-intensive textile enterprises downed shutters, according to figures from the Department of SMEs under the National Development and Reform Commission.    In October, 714 companies were closed in Dongguan in Guangdong province, home to over 60,100 private companies and a major manufacturing center in China.     "We will see more companies closing in the coming months, with the figure likely to cross 1,000 after Christmas," says Dongguan Deputy Mayor Jiang Ling.     Most of the international buyers of Chinese products failed to get letters of credit in October leading to significant cancellations of Christmas orders, says Frank FX. Gong, chief China economist at JPMorgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Limited in a recent report. "Indeed, 'things suddenly ceased' was the common comment we heard on the ground lately," he says.     But for some like Luo Chun, sales director of tin box maker Dongguan Tinpak Co, the freeze on Christmas orders has not yet meant closing. Luo says overseas order fell by 10 percent from June to October, normally the peak time for Christmas orders.

TAIPEI, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- The United Daily News, one of the biggest newspapers in Taiwan, said in an editorial on Friday that the six proposals put forward by Hu Jintao on the cross-Straits relationship are "positive" and "explicit".     The editorial said that people in Taiwan mostly hold positive opinions about the six proposals, made by General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Hu Jintao on New Year's Eve, and see goodwill and understanding in them.     It noted that in Hu's address, he shows understanding that "Taiwan consciousness" does not equal to "Taiwan independence consciousness". In addition, Hu also said the mainland is willing to discuss with Taiwan "proper and reasonable arrangements" for Taiwan's participation in activities of international organizations as long as such activity does not create a scenario of "two Chinas" or "one China and one Taiwan." Chinese President Hu Jintao addresses a ceremony commemorating the 30th anniversary of the announcement of Message to Compatriots in Taiwan, held in Beijing, capital of China, on Dec. 31, 2008. The Chinese mainland commemorated the 30th anniversary of the announcement of Message to Compatriots in Taiwan here Wednesday with a ceremony.     Hu made the six proposals on promoting the peaceful development of the cross-Straits relationship in his speech to commemorate the30th anniversary of the mainland's "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan."     He called for increased communication and exchange in all areas and said the mainland would actively respond to any constructive proposals that would boost the peaceful development of the cross-Straits relationship.     Hu said the two sides could step up contacts and exchanges on military issues "at an appropriate time" and discuss establishing a mechanism to boost mutual trust on military security.