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BEIJING, March 15 (Xinhua) -- Industrial and commercial authorities across China investigated about 76,500 fake food cases in 2008, which involved 274 million yuan (about 40.3 million U.S. dollars) in value, according to a high-level meeting on consumption held Saturday.     Ma Yong, a senior official with the National Food Industry Association, said the major cause of China's food safety problem was the use of illicit substances. Officers from local commerce administration examine commodities at a market in Nanchang, east China's Jiangxi province, March 15, 2009. Lots of events to mark the World Consumer Rights Day were held across China on Sunday.With the theme of "integrity, consumption and development", the meeting was joined by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and China Consumers' Association.     To better deal with the food problem, China adopted the Food Safety Law on Feb. 28, which will go into effect on June 1.     The law has been widely seen as a new push to improve food safety in the country through stricter monitoring and supervision, tougher safety standards, recall of substandard products and severe punishment on offenders. Officers (L) from local commerce administration answer people's questions during an event to mark the World Consumer Rights Day in Beijing March 15, 2009. Lots of such events were held across China on Sunday

BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- The international press has given extensive coverage to Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's government work report at the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) which started on Thursday, and praised China's persisted target of 8 percent annual economic growth in the face of the world financial crisis.     The French-based AFP reported that despite the turbulence and recession of the world economy, "Wen forecast China can sustain eight percent economic growth in 2009, boosting hopes China's export-driven economy will cope with the crisis."     "Asian markets rallied for a second day after Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Thursday reaffirmed his government's growth aims, triggering gains across the region in China-related stocks," it reported.     On Thursday, the benchmark Nikkei-225 climbed 142.53 points to 7,433.49, up 1.95 percent.     The British news agency Reuters said: "Premier Wen Jiabao assured on Thursday that China will achieve 8 percent growth this year despite a deepening financial crisis, setting out export support and spending programs to shore up the economy."     Wen said China's budget deficit this year will reach 950 billion yuan (140 billion dollars), and though he did not announce fresh economic stimulus, his assurances helped extend a rally in Asian markets, Reuters reported.     The U.S.-based Associated Press (AP) said: "China rolled out an aggressive government spending program on Thursday, promising ramped-up outlays for infrastructure and social programs to ward off the global economic downturn and forestall unrest."     The German Press Agency (dpa) said China seeks to bolster the economy against the effects of a global slowdown.     China announced a record annual budget deficit of 950 billion yuan (140 billion dollars), but Wen stressed that the deficit was below 3 percent of China's gross domestic product (GDP), remaining "within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear and is therefore safe," dpa said.     The Financial Times said Premier Wen pointed out that the international environment is becoming more complex and the financial crisis is further deepening. But China will meet its goal of 8 percent economic growth as long as the Chinese government establishes right policies, takes proper measures and pushes for effective implementation.     Both the Financial Times and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reported that the ongoing meetings of the NPC and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) drove up international stock markets on Wednesday, saying the Chinese economy has become a favorable factor for bourses around the globe.     The Daily Telegraph said the economic stimulus plan announced by China last year concentrated on infrastructure, but Wen stressed the need to care about the healthcare and social insurance systems, especially in rural regions.     The Swedish Broadcasting Corporation said Wen pinpointed China's target of 8 percent growth in his report, and expounded the importance to increase employment and control the registered urban unemployment rate at under 4.6 percent.     New Zealand TV said the international community is closely watching developments of China's two annual conferences at a time when the global economy is undergoing a big recession.     As a result of China's plan to expand its domestic demands and a series of the Chinese government's economic stimulus packages, quite a few stock markets have rebounded in the past two days, the TV report said.     Premier Wen asked Chinese enterprises to consolidate their market shares in the traditional export destinations and do their utmost to explore the emerging markets, under a circumstance that global demands have been falling drastically and against a backdrop that trade protectionism is re-emerging, Interfax reported.     Wen encouraged Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises to cultivate name brands for export, it said.     China is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion. It must maintain a reasonable pace of economic growth to raise the employment rate both in urban and rural areas, increase people's incomes and safeguard social stability, another Russian news agency said.     World Daily, the biggest Chinese newspaper in the Philippines, said in an editorial that the annual NPC meeting is being held when the global financial storm is hitting every corner of the world. Nearly 3,000 deputies will discuss national policies and put forward feasible suggestions.     China's economic development this year will have an important effect on its growth in coming years. Therefore the deputies attending the critical meeting shoulder great responsibilities, the daily said.

BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao has called for greater awareness of both hardships and opportunities presented by the global financial crisis in order to offset the impacts of the crisis.     In a speech to the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau on Tuesday, Hu said China must be prepared for the most difficult and complicated situations in the world economy and meanwhile make good use of or create development opportunities amid the transformation of international and domestic conditions.     The world economic situation was austere and complicated; the global financial crisis had yet to level out; and China's economic growth was under pressure of a slow-down, he said.     He said no fundamental changes had occurred in the country's basic economic development situation, its advantageous conditions for economic development, its accelerating trend of industrialization and urbanization, and the external environment of peace, development and cooperation.     "The strong Party leadership, the advantages of the socialist system, and the united efforts of our people of all ethnic groups are the strength for us to overcome the difficulties and withstand the impacts of the global financial crisis," he said.     The government should maintain the policy of giving top priority to increasing domestic demand while stabilizing external demand, he said.     He called for more powerful and efficient measures to increase domestic demand, consumer demand in particular.     He urged continuing to make the reform and opening-up a powerful driving force for economic growth, actively pushing forward reform in key areas and links.     Hu urged all Party committees and governments to deepen the implementation of the "scientific view of development" and "carry out the decisions and arrangements of the central authorities in a creative way".     Hu, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over Tuesday's panel study of the Politburo, at which two scholars explained world economic situation and ways to boost economic growth.     The lecturers were Zhao Jinping, of the State Council's Development Research Center, and Bi Jiyao, of the Macro-economic Research Institute under the National Development and Reform and Commission.

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BEIJING, March 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao said here Saturday that the current international financial crisis, despite its severe impact on China's economy, also means an opportunity for the country.     China should take the opportunity to change its development pattern and realize structural adjustment so as to maintain a steady and relatively fast economic growth, Hu said when joining a panel discussion with deputies of the National People's Congress (NPC) from south China's Guangdong Province.     "Challenge and opportunity always come together. Under certain conditions, one could be transformed into the other," Hu said. Chinese President Hu Jintao (front, 2nd R) talks to female deputies during the panel discussion of deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from south China’s Guangdong Province as International Women's Day is coming, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009    Hu said China should make full use of its advantages to break the bottlenecks of development. He also called for efforts to promptly and creatively implement the policies and plans of the central government to create conditions for solid and rapid development in the future. Wu Bangguo (front L), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), attends the panel discussion of deputies to the Second Session of the 11th NPC from east China's Shandong Province, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009In a panel discussion with NPC deputies from Shandong Province, top legislator Wu Bangguo said to maintain economic growth is China's top priority now, and efforts should be made to boost domestic consumption so as to secure this year's economic development targets.     In face of impacts of global financial crisis, China should seek both a temporary solution and a permanent cure, and make efforts to upgrade its industry and improve competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, said Wu, chairman of the NPC Standing Committee. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd R) attends the panel discussion of deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from central China's Hubei Province, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009Premier Wen Jiabao said maintaining steady and relatively fast economic development amid the global financial crisis should be the focus of local governments.     The task can affect the overall development of the national economy and society, the people's interests, and the long-term development of the country's modernization drive, said Wen when joining NPC deputies from the central Hubei Province.     Governments at all levels should incorporate improving people's well-being into the efforts on maintaining economic growth to benefit the people and promote harmony and stability of society, Wen said.     He also urged local governments to take the opportunity to enhance their capabilities in dealing with complicated situations, keeping close contact with the public and implementing policies.     Governments should also improve their credibility among the people, Wen said. Jia Qinglin (front R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the CPPCC from the Communist Youth League of China, the All-China Youth Federation, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and All-China Women's Federation, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009Top political advisor Jia Qinglin attended a joint panel discussion with political advisors from circles of trade unions, the youth league, and women's federations.     These social groups should "take initiative to resolve disputes, address depression of the public, and safeguard the rights of the employees, young people and women," he said.     Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), also called on them to help those with difficulties to find jobs. Li Changchun (front L), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, attends the panel discussion of deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009.Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, said publicity work should serve the overall objectives of ensuring economic growth, people's well-being and social stability.     During the discussion with lawmakers from northwest Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, he called on media and cultural workers to provide "spiritual" support for economic growth amid global downturn. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (front L), who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, attends the panel discussion of deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from south China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009Vice President Xi Jinping joined panel discussions with lawmakers from Hong Kong and Macao respectively.     Xi said the governments of both Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions (SAR) have taken prompt and effective measures to counter the impact of global financial crisis.     He said lawmakers from Hong Kong and Macao have played a positive role in the country's political affairs since China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over the two regions in 1997 and 1999 respectively.     Xi called on the lawmakers to fully exercise their functions and powers with focus on the country's measures of maintaining economic growth and social stability. Li Keqiang (front, 2nd R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, attends the panel discussion of deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009In a panel discussion with NPC deputies from the northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Vice Premier Li Keqiang said China can enjoy large room for economic manoeuvre due to its vast territory and the high mutual complementarity in economy between different regions.     "We should turn challenges into opportunities, boost the development of the western region, make full use of advantages (of different regions), tap the market, speed up industrial restructuring, and cultivate new economic growth areas so as to keep a steady and relatively fast economic growth," Li said.     He said Xinjiang enjoys a particularly important strategic status for the country's development and stability. Efforts should be made to secure Xinjiang's stable and prosperous development, enrich people and safeguard the frontiers and strengthen national unity and social stability, he said. He Guoqiang (front R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, attends the panel discussion of deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from north China's Hebei Province, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009.He Guoqiang, secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, called on officials to improve their work style in face of economic difficulties.     "We must enhance education on the officials, improve existing regulations, and step up supervision to ensure steady and relatively fast economic development," He, also member of the CPC Central Committee's Political Bureau Standing Committee, told NPC deputies from northern Hebei Province. Zhou Yongkang (front R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, attends the panel discussion of deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from Tianjin Municipality, in Beijing, capital of China, March 7, 2009. When joining lawmakers from the northern Tianjin Municipality, Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee's Political Bureau, underlined the adherence to scientific decision-making approach.     He also urged officials to focus their efforts on solving issues concerning people's well-being to sustain stability and promote social harmony.

BEIJING, March 25 (Xinhua) -- China's top discipline supervision official urged state-owned financial institutions to step up anti-graft efforts while actively advancing financial reforms to contribute to the tackling of international financial crisis.     He Guoqiang, secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, made the remarks during his three-day inspection tour, from Monday to Wednesday, to state-owned banks and government financial regulatory bodies. He Guoqiang (1st L), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, shakes hands with a woman during his inspection of China Anti-Money Laundering Monitoring and Analysis Center in Beijing, capital of China, March 23, 2009. He Guoqiang inspected banks and financial institutions on March 23-25He, also a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, inspected China Investment Corporation, China Development Bank, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, China Construction Bank and the China Anti-Money Laundering Monitoring and Analysis Center.     He also listened to work reports from the People's Bank of China as well as banking, securities and insurance regulatory commissions.

LONDON, April 3 (Xinhua) -- As the curtain dropped on the G20 London summit, Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming on Friday reiterated China's opposition to protectionism and voiced support for cooperation.     "This summit has yielded a series of positive and pragmatic results for the international society to jointly tackle the current financial crisis," Chen said.     He said it included reaching broad consensus on stabilizing international financial markets, speeding up reform of the international financial system, actively pushing forward the Doha round talks, and opposing trade protectionism.     Chen said history and experiences have proved that protectionism will only drag the world economy into deeper recession. As the crisis is worsening, people have increasingly realized the necessity and urgency to reject protectionism, he said.     Chinese President Hu Jintao pointed out at the G20 summit that facing the impact of the international financial crisis, China will continue to stick to its opening-up and reform policy, and unswervingly adopt the mutually-beneficial and win-win strategy.     China will not turn to protectionism just because it is encountering some temporary difficulties during the process of economic development, he said.     What the world needs now, Chen said, is to adopt economic stimulus plans to jointly overcome the difficulties and to recover economies. At this critical time, people must be especially cautious about protectionism, preventing it from sabotaging all the efforts that the world has done so far, he said.     "China will act responsibly, seriously implement the agreements reached at the G20 summit, in efforts to push forward the world economy, as well promote the development of international trade," Chen said.     He proposed that the international community jointly maintain a fair and open international trade environment, protect the authority and seriousness of multilateral trade regulations, actively push forward the Doha round talks, and jointly resist protectionism.     Chen noted that despite all the anti-protectionism claims by many countries, protectionist measures are in fact making inroads since the outbreak of the financial crisis.     China supports the G20 agreement to extend the ban on protectionism until the end of 2010, however, it remains difficult to define protectionism and unreasonable trade restriction measures, Chen said.     All measures not allowed by the WTO are considered protectionist, and therefore should not be allowed to be implemented, he said.     Chen also raised concerns over the possible misuse of some measures permitted by the WTO, such as trade subsidy, and urged restraint.     The WTO members should try not to use, or use with discretion protectionist policies, so as to create a sound climate for promoting free trade, he said.     Currently, the WTO has established a monitoring mechanism, with periodical reports on its members' actions, a move conducive to curbing protectionism, Chen said.     Protectionism is on the rise since the crisis, but it still falls short of being rampant, which indicates the global multilateral trade rules remain effective to some extent, he said.     China supports the establishment of such a WTO supervision mechanism, he said.     China has firmly reiterated its opposition to protectionism, Chen said, noting that China's measures taken since the crisis are considered positive by both WTO Director General Pascal Lamy and EU Trade Commissioner Catherine Ashton.     China's economic stimulus measures complied with the WTO rules, he said.     Chen also said the Doha round trade talks are of great significance in promoting the development of the multilateral trade system and a successful deal would strongly promote global economic growth.     History over the past century has proved that trade grows faster than economy, and it is trade that pushes forward economic growth, he said.     Chen urged flexibility by major countries to push forward the Doha negotiations.     "With joint efforts by various parties, we remain optimistic about the outcome of the Doha round talks," he said.

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BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang Thursday urged the country's labor department to find employment for people this year.     China is facing a daunting task to secure jobs for its workforce after more than 20 million migrant workers lost their jobs in the global financial crisis. To compound the problem, more than seven million college graduates will be looking for jobs this year.     "We must ensure a stable employment situation this year, as employment is related to people's livelihood and the harmony and stability of the society," Zhang said at a working conference of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.     The country's urban unemployment rate increase 0.2 percentage points to 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, even though migrant workers are not included in that number.     Zhang asked the ministry to adopt more active policies to find employment for people.     Tax burdens of firms could be reduced, and preferential policies for social security coverage could be employed to help firms survive the crisis and keep jobs, Zhang said.     More subsidies should be offered to organize vocational training in order to get people reemployed, and training should be made more relevant to different jobs, he added.     The Vice Premier also said the government should step up building a social insurance system that covers both urban and rural residents, and continue to raise pensions for retired workers.     China created new jobs for 11.13 million people last year, 11 percent more than the target of 10 million.     The country also found jobs for five million laid-off workers and for 1.43 million who had difficulty in finding a job. The combined 6.43 million was again higher than the original target of five million.

BEIJING, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) -- Chinese share prices registered a dramatic 3.87 percent drop Thursday as investor confidence collapsed ahead of the wary market performance and caused panic selling, analysts said.     The decline on overseas markets also had a negative effect.     The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index, which covers both A and B shares, opened higher after the government announced stimulus plans, but dipped 85.05 points, or 3.87 percent, to 2,121.52 points in the afternoon session.     The Shenzhen Component Index on the smaller Shenzhen bourse dropped to 7,777.90 points, down 463.76 points, or 5.63 percent.     Total turnover was 198.52 billion yuan (29.07 billion U.S. dollars), down from 209.05 billion yuan on Wednesday.     Losers led gainers by 841 to 34 in Shanghai and 719 to 36 in Shenzhen.     The weak performance of both the Wall Street and Hong Kong shares had cast a shadow over the mainland market, said analysts.     The financial sector, which led a market rebound Wednesday, failed to support the market in afternoon trading as it dipped 4.76 percent.     Shenzhen Development Bank, which almost fell by the 10-percent daily limit, ended up with an 8.91 percent drop to 13.8 yuan.     China Merchants Bank, which rose by 9.57 percent Wednesday, slipped4.36 percent to 14.27 yuan.     Machinery, automobiles, media and semiconductor sectors led the retreat, dropping 7.88 percent, 7.54 percent, 7.68 percent and 7.79 percent, respectively.     Non-ferrous metals also fell by 7.54 percent though the government announced a stimulus package for the industry Wednesday.     Chenzhou Mining, Corun New Energy, Tibet Mining, Advanced Technology and Materials, Western Metal Material, Sichuan Hongda and Xiamen Tungsten fell by the 10-percent daily limit.     Yongan Forestry bucked the trend, rising by the 10-percent daily limit. The forestry sector managed to close at no more than a 2 percent decline, as domestic media reported a government stimulus plan for forestry was under discussion.     China Eastern Airlines, one of the country's top three airlines, announced Thursday that its shareholders had passed a share placement plan which intended to raise 7 billion yuan from its parent company, China Eastern Group.     The company will issue 1.44 billion Shanghai-listed A shares at a price of 3.87 yuan per share, as well as 1.44 billion Hong Kong-listed H shares at 1.00 yuan each, according to the announcement.     The fund would reduce the company's asset liability ratio and improve its financial situation, said the company.     China Eastern Airlines shares were suspended Thursday.     Hong Kong shares dipped 0.85 percent to 12,894.94 points Thursday, while U.S. stocks fell Wednesday. The Dow Jones industrial average was down 80.05 points, or 1.09 percent, at 7,270.89. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index dropped 8.24 points, or 1.07 percent, to 764.90. The Nasdaq Composite Index dropped 16.40 points, or 1.14 percent, to 1,425.43.

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ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) -- A Chinese business delegation inked trade deals worth more than 300 million U.S. dollars with Swiss companies on Thursday, ending the second leg of their four-state procurement tour in Europe.     The agreements covered products ranging from software to electric equipments and metals, which meet China's domestic needs, according to Chinese trade officials.     Among those agreements, Switzerland's ABB, a global leader in power and automation technologies, signed a letter of intent for the supply of generator circuit breakers to China Nuclear Power Engineering Company.     Switzerland's Glencore, one of the world's largest suppliers of a wide range of commodities and raw materials to industrial consumers, also signed a deal with Chinalco, the world's second largest alumina producer and the third largest primary aluminum producer.     Holcim, one of the world's leading suppliers of cement and aggregates based in Switzerland, deepened its partnership with China's Huaxin Cement Company (HCC). They signed a frame agreement for technical service, technology and new equipment supplies covering the next two years.     Holcim is already the single largest shareholder in HCC, holding a stake of 39.9 percent of the Chinese firm.     "HCC with Holcim's support will continue to strengthen and extend its leading role as a modern cement producer in China," the two companies said in a statement. Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming (L) shakes hands with Swiss Economy Minister Doris Leuthard, after signing a memorandum on the intensification of technical cooperation in the field of environmental technology, in Zurich, Switzerland, Feb. 26, 2009. Chen and Leuthard attended here on Thursday the Sino-Swiss Economic and Trade Forum with the aim of intensifying relations between Swiss and Chinese companiesChinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming, who led the delegation, said that besides this team, there will be more Chinese business delegations coming to Switzerland for trade and investment opportunities.     Swiss Economy Minister Doris Leuthard revealed that a Swiss business group will also go to China within the year.     Both ministers witnessed the deal-signing ceremony and opened an economic and trade forum with the aim of intensifying relations between Swiss and Chinese companies.     Addressing the forum, Chen said that cooperation is the effective way to tackle the international financial crisis which posed great challenge to world economy. Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming (L) and Swiss Economy Minister Doris Leuthard attend a press conference in Zurich, Switzerland, Feb. 26, 2009. Chen and Leuthard attended here on Thursday the Sino-Swiss Economic and Trade Forum with the aim of intensifying relations between Swiss and Chinese companies"Past experience shows that in time of crisis it is all the more important to adhere to a policy of openness and cooperation," he said. "Protectionism will not revive the economy. Rather, it will exacerbate the recession."     "This trade and investment promotion delegation to Europe is a clear indication of China's opposition to protectionism and its readiness to work together with Europe in tiding over the crisis," he added.     Highlighting China and Switzerland are important economic and trade partners to each other, Chen said the two economies are highly complementary.     China is highly competitive in labor-intensive products, such as garments, jewelry, footwear and containers, offering budget choice to Swiss consumers, while Switzerland boasts a distinct competitive edge in watches, medicines, measuring instruments and precision machinery.     In 2008, bilateral trade between China and Switzerland reached 11.25 billion U.S. dollars, increasing 19.2 percent despite the economic downturn. China is now Switzerland's second largest trading partner in Asia.     Leuthard said that the visit by the Chinese delegation sent a strong signal that China and Switzerland remain committed to open markets and against protectionism.     She said the agreements between Swiss and Chinese companies are "good news to our businesses."     "They signed contracts which will safeguard jobs and strengthen the cooperation between Swiss and Chinese companies in different fields in our economy," she said.     Earlier today, Leuthard and Chen signed a memorandum on the intensification of technical cooperation in the field of environmental technology.     "Switzerland and China will cooperate more strongly to ensure that economic growth can be shaped in a more sustainable and environmentally-sound manner," the Swiss government said.     To this end, a joint working group is to be established to examine the potential for cooperation in the areas of technology transfer, energy efficiency, renewable energies and the efficient use of resources. The group will submit proposals on the shape of this cooperation.     Switzerland is the second stop of the Chinese business delegation's European tour. On Wednesday, they signed 37 procurement deals worth about 11 billion euros (14 billion U.S. dollars) with local firms in Germany.     In an interview with Xinhua on Wednesday, Chen expected purchase deals with Switzerland would be modest compared with Germany due to the gap in the two countries' economic scales.     The delegation will arrive in Madrid, Spain later today and then London, the last stop. Chen said the deals to be signed there could be a more than in Switzerland.

BEIJING, March 26 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank governor has spoken highly of the government's rapid responses to the current global financial crisis, featuring decisively adopting a proactive fiscal policy and an adaptively easing monetary policy, and launching a bundle of timely, targeted and temporary policies and measures.     The prompt, decisive and effective policy measures adopted by the Chinese government demonstrates "its superior system advantage when it comes to making vital policy decisions," says Zhou Xiaochuan, president of the People's Bank of China (PBC), in an article entitled "Changing Pro-cyclicality for Financial and Economic Stability."     It is Zhou's third article published on the central bank's official website (WWW.PBC.GOV.CN) this week to discuss the issue of the current global financial crisis. His first and second articles, published on Monday and Tuesday, are entitled "Reform the International Monetary System" and "On Savings Ratio," respectively.     In the third article, the 61-year old central bank governor tries to find out the root causes for the current financial crisis, including but not limited to lessons on monetary policy, financial sector regulations, accounting rules.     The top Chinese banker says he wants to stimulate debate and discussions on some of the pro-cyclical features in the system, possible remedial measures, and how monetary and fiscal authorities can play their professional roles at times of severe market distress.     "Financial crises normally originate in the accumulation of bubbles and their subsequent bursts. Usually, economists pay a lot of attentions to pro-cyclicality on the macro level.     However, on the micro level, there are quite a number of notable pro-cyclical features embedded in the market structure today, which should be addressed as we deal with the current crisis and reform the financial system," he says.     Zhou suggests that in the current market structure, more counter-cyclical mechanisms or negative feedback loops on micro-level should be put in place to sustain a more stable financial system.     In the article, he notes that rating problems and herding phenomenon arise from outsourcing.     The global financial system relies heavily on the external credit ratings for investment decisions and risk management, giving rise to a prominent feature of pro-cyclicality, according to the central bank governor.     "Economic upswings produce euphoria and downturns generate pessimism," he says, "Many market players adopting ratings from the three agencies and using them as the yardstick for operations and internal performance assessments clearly result in a massive "herd behavior" at the institutional level."     Zhou points out that some market players seem to have forgotten that the ratings are no more than indicators of default probabilities based on past experiences but were never meant to be guarantees for the future, he says. "Once problems take place, as we have seen during the current crisis, fingers are pointed to the rating agencies," he says.     He suggests that financial institutions should try to rely more on internal rating in assessing risks.     He calls for giving full play to the professional role of authorities in maintaining overall financial stability and establishing a counter-cyclical mechanism for capital requirement     "To stabilize markets under severe stress, finance ministries and central banks need to act fast and apply extraordinary measures," he says, "Untimely or delayed response falls behind the curve and would make the outcome less than desired even if the response is correct and strong."     In modern Western societies, a prolonged political process for mandates to finance ministries or central banks often miss the best timing for action, Zhou says, adding, "We have observed such cases during the current crisis."     He suggests that governments and legislatures may consider giving pre-authorized mandates to ministries of finance and central banks to use extraordinary means to contain systemic risk under well-defined stress scenarios, in order to allow them to act boldly and expeditiously without having to go through a lengthy or even painful approval process.     "Such systematic pre-authorized mandates would put the specialized expertise of finance ministries and central banks to the best use when markets need it the most," he stresses.     The central bank governor attributes China's current success in easing the impacts of the crisis to the country's financial sector reform and ongoing macroeconomic stimulus measures     In 2003, fully aware of the systemic vulnerabilities of China's banking industry, the Chinese government made a courageous and strategic decision to restructure the four state-owned commercial banks, says Zhou, who took over as the PBC governor in late 2002.     In the article, Zhou gives a look back on the reforms of the country's major banks and security industry.     But he warns, "We should bear in mind that despite the notable achievements in banking reform, the major banks have not gone through a full business cycle and still have much to improve. An economic slowdown will be the ultimate stress test for the robustness of the banks' strengths."     According to the bank governor, irrespective of China's sound financial sector, the Chinese economy, especially the export sector, has felt the impact brought by the slowdown of the global economy.     He praises the Chinese government for its plans to stimulate domestic demand and promote stable and relatively rapid economic growth, including the extra investment of 4 trillion yuan (685 billion U.S. dollars) in over two years, the ten measures to revitalize the industrial sectors, and other bolster measures to increase money supply, promote employment, reform taxes and medical and healthcare system.     "Having taken the above-mentioned measures, China expect to maintain stable economic growth by boosting domestic demand and reducing dependence on external demand, thus serving as a stabilizing force in global economy," Zhou says.     In overall, the macroeconomic measures have produced preliminary result and some leading indicators are pointing to recovery of economic growth, indicating that rapid decline in growth has been curbed, he concludes.