石油发展和金融学探讨

科技发展五年回眸与展望

PYONGYANG, Oct. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Kim Jong Il, top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), held talks here on Monday and reached important consensus on China-DPRK relations and the promotion of a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula.     Premier Wen extended sincere greetings and best wishes to Kim on behalf of Chinese President Hu Jintao.     The hard-earned friendship and friendly cooperative relations achieved by the joint efforts of several generations of the two countries conform to the aspiration of the two peoples, Wen said, adding that the two nations should pass on the friendship from generation to generation.     China is willing to work with the DPRK to maintain high-level exchanges, deepen pragmatic cooperation, strengthen coordination on major issues, and push forward the good-neighborly and friendly cooperative relations, he added.     Kim asked Wen to relay his greetings to Chinese President Hu. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) shakes hands with Kim Jong Il, top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), during a meeting in Pyongyang, capital of the DPRK, Oct. 5, 2009. Kim said Wen's official goodwill visit, which coincided with the 60th anniversary of the DPRK-China ties and the China-DPRK Friendship Year, demonstrates the importance that China has attached to developing ties with the DPRK.     The celebrations from both sides have been successful and enhanced the DPRK-China traditional friendship, Kim said.     The DPRK is ready to make joint efforts with China to further consolidate and strengthen the DPRK-China friendly, cooperative relations, Kim said.     Realizing a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula was the instruction of the late DPRK leader Kim Il Sung and the DPRK's commitment to realizing the denuclearization of the peninsula remains unchanged, Kim said.     Through the DPRK-U.S. bilateral meeting, the hostile relations between the two countries must turn into peaceful ones, he said.     The DPRK is willing to attend multilateral talks, including the six-party talks, based on the progress in the DPRK-U.S. talks, he said.     Wen said China appreciated the DPRK's commitment to the nuke-free peninsula and the multilateral dialogues, including the six-party talks, to realizing this goal.     Wen said China is willing to make concerted efforts with the DPRK and other parties concerned to contribute to realizing the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and maintaining peace, stability and development in the Northeast Asian region. 

NANJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) -- Liu Yunshan, head of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has called on authorities at various levels to step up patriotic education in the run-up to celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.     Liu, also a member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, made the remarks during a recent inspection tour in the eastern province of Jiangsu.     Liu said patriotic education should serve the development and stability of China's reform, and should be included in the process of tackling the global financial crisis, and maintaining the country's steady and relatively fast economic development.     He urged the authorities to incorporate patriotic education into the daily life of the Chinese people, to "turn their love for the country into concrete actions."     Patriotic education should focus on China's youths and teenagers, Liu said, adding that the development of "red tourism", which mainly consists of visiting sites related to the history of the CPC and its armed forces, should also be highlighted.

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BEIJING, Sept. 17 (Xinhua) -- China's securities authority Thursday began reviewing applications of the the first seven IPOs for listing on the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM), a Nasdaq-style market in China.     The seven enterprises covered fields of software, medical equipment and medicines. They planned to raise 2.27 billion yuan (332.65 million U.S. dollars).     The review meeting was for the first time opened to journalists, who were allowed to watch the meeting for about ten minutes.     The second batch of IPOs will be reviewed Friday and they plan to raise 1.13 billion yuan (165.30 million U.S. dollars), according to a report on the website of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC).     IPO review meetings would be concentrated on these days, a CSRC official, who declined to be named, told Xinhua Monday.     "IPO applications sent to the regulator were concentrated. The regulator had to take into consideration forming a block and guard against speculation that might push up IPO stocks prices," the official said.     The CSRC started to accept applications of the GEM on July 26 and had received 155 applications for IPOs on the GEM as of Sept. 10. The CSRC has formally agreed to handle 149 enterprises' applications that aim to raise 33.61 billion yuan (4.92 billion U.S. dollars).

BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) issued a statement late Monday saying it would approve U.S. automaker General Motors Co.'s (GM) plan to buy part of parts supplier Delphi Corp, but set conditions on the deal to avoid restricting competition.     The approval came after an anti-monopoly probe by the MOC into the deal last week and negotiations with the two companies over the deal conditions, aimed to avoid exclusion or restriction of competition, according to the statement.     The conditions include a ban on GM and Delphi exchanging trade secrets on Delphi's other Chinese customers, to prevent GM from getting confidential and competitive information.     Delphi should also maintain the timeliness and quality of supplies indiscriminately to the other domestic automakers, at market prices.     The ministry said it had discussed with the two companies its concerns on competition, and GM and Delphi had come up with solutions.     According to a Dow Jones report Monday night, authorities in the U.S. and E.U. had earlier given their approval for the deal, after Delphi, GM's former parts division, received approval from a U.S. court to sell assets to its lender and GM.     The report said this would clear the way for the auto-parts supplier, which operates 17 wholly-owned entities and joint ventures in China and 21 manufacturing sites, to end its four-year stay in bankruptcy.     Under China's anti-monopoly law, mergers and acquisitions that could impact the domestic market must undergo an anti-monopoly review.

NANNING, Sept. 2 (Xinhua) -- Authorities in south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region announced Wednesday the addition of 20 million yuan (2.94 million U.S. dollars) to a fund financing efforts to fight drought as hot, dry weather maintains its grip on the region.     The Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters in Guangxi simultaneously launched a drought control response mechanism which requires local departments such as weather, water resources and power supply to cooperate closely to guarantee success of the efforts to fight drought.     According to the local weather department, Guangxi suffered its hottest weather in 58 years from Aug.1-30, with the temperature averaging 28.9 degrees Celsius.     The south Chinese region has had 1,152 mm of rainfall in the past eight months, a drop of 12.7 percent from the average level for the same period in normal years. It had rainfall of only 91 mm last month, down 57 percent from the average level for the same month in normal years.     The Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters in Guangxi said 638,500 people, plus 299,200 livestock had been suffering from water shortages.     And 280,850 hectares of cropland affected because of hot weather and less rain, included 598 hectares of crops that died in the arid conditions.     The regional weather service's forecast Monday said Guangxi's drought would continue during the coming week.     Guangxi has already made great efforts in drought control. More than 53.41 million yuan (about 7.86 million U.S. dollars) has been set aside so far.     The region's department of water resources has dispatched five working groups to areas such as Laibin, Chongzuo, Wuzhou, Hezhou, Hechi, all in Guangxi, to supervise or guide drought control efforts.     Zhong Xiangting, the department's chief, said the region had since late August mobilized more than 1.71 million people to fight drought, which has helped irrigate 148,470 hectares of crops and temporarily solve water shortages faced by 390,280 people and 193,110 livestock.

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NANJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) -- Liu Yunshan, head of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has called on authorities at various levels to step up patriotic education in the run-up to celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.     Liu, also a member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, made the remarks during a recent inspection tour in the eastern province of Jiangsu.     Liu said patriotic education should serve the development and stability of China's reform, and should be included in the process of tackling the global financial crisis, and maintaining the country's steady and relatively fast economic development.     He urged the authorities to incorporate patriotic education into the daily life of the Chinese people, to "turn their love for the country into concrete actions."     Patriotic education should focus on China's youths and teenagers, Liu said, adding that the development of "red tourism", which mainly consists of visiting sites related to the history of the CPC and its armed forces, should also be highlighted.

BEIJING, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislature concluded its four-day, bimonthly session Thursday, after approving the country's first armed police law and climate change resolution.     Top legislator Wu Bangguo told the closing meeting of the 10th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) that the new armed police law clarified the nature, command mechanism, responsibilities, duties and rights of the paramilitary force. "It offers solid legal backing for the armed police to complete the country's security tasks, maintain social stability and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and organizations," Wu said.     Climate change has been an issue of concern among lawmakers.     Wu said the newly-approved resolution was an "important achievement" and a significant measure taken by the top legislature to deal with the global challenge.     Wu, chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, said the resolution praised the government's work on climate change, emphasized the importance of the issue, clarified guidelines, basic policies, measures as well as China's stance.     He said lawmakers proposed many suggestions on a climate change report, presented by the State Council (Cabinet), and a draft of the resolution.     Lawmakers agreed climate change was a challenge faced by all humankind and needed international cooperation.     Wu said China "as a responsible nation" had been focusing on the issue, set energy efficiency and environmental protection as basic state policies and achieving sustainable development as national strategies.     He said the country had made laws and regulations to climate change and set energy saving and emissions reductions as binding targets in the state's medium and long-term development plan. The 10th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) is held in Beijing, China, Aug. 27, 2009. The 10th session was closed on Thursday in Beijing. The country had "actively participated international cooperation on climate change and made contributions in mitigating and adapting to climate change."     He said the NPC Standing Committee "actively" made and improved laws related to the issue, listened to work reports regularly and conducted law enforcement inspections on resources and environment, which offered great support to the work of the government.     The top legislature also agreed Thursday a legislation overhaul with the updating and revision of 141 provisions in 59 different laws.     Wu said the collective updating and revision of laws was an important step to ensure a legal system with Chinese features would become "more scientific, unified and harmonious" and form a complete socialist legal system by 2010.     "The law revisions at this session solve the problem that some laws and regulations are incompatible with the economic and social development," he said.     This was the second legislation overhaul after the NPC Standing Committee in June agreed to abolish eight outdated and redundant laws, including one covering police stations that dated back to 1954.     Wu said the next step was to revise laws quickly, and asked government departments to enact regulations to help implement the laws, and streamline local regulations.     He said one of the focuses of the NPC's supervision work was to oversee the economy. One of the roles of NPC Standing Committee was supervision of the government.     He said due to the complicated domestic and overseas economic situation, the NPC took supervision of the implementation of the government's important decisions as top priority.     Each legislative session since April had deliberated work reports of some government departments, he said.     The NPC Standing Committee also investigated topics such as affordable housing construction at the suggestion of lawmakers. It would also supervise the implementation of the central government's public investment plan valued at 908 billion yuan (133.5 billion U.S. dollars) this year, part of the 4-trillion-yuan stimulus plan initiated late last year.     Wu said the investigation report on low-rent housing would be submitted to a legislative session in October.     "Such work plays an important role in promoting the implementation of central government decisions and stable and relatively fast economic development."     Wu said this session listened to a routine report on the implementation of the government's plan of economic and social development, as well as a report on economic restructuring and transforming the development model.     Lawmakers agreed that although the economy suffered a big drop during the fourth quarter last year, the 7.1-percent GDP growth in the first half of this year showed sound momentum, "which was not easy and a result of the efforts of the whole country."     Wu said it showed that the central government's decision of dealing with the impact of the global economic downturn was "completely correct" and the measures taken were "timely and effective."     Legislators said efforts should be made to ensure this year's economic and social development goals could be achieved.     The top legislature also accepted Thursday the resignation of Cui Mingjie, an entrepreneur of central Henan Province, from his post as NPC deputy, for alleged involvement in "serious economic crimes."     It also approved the expulsion of two NPC deputies -- Xu Zongheng, former mayor of south China's Shenzhen City, and Liu Youjun, director of the Guangdong provincial department of labor and social security -- for "serious violations of discipline."     According to the Credentials Committee of the NPC Standing Committee, the total number of deputies to the 11th NPC stands at 2,979.

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BEIJING, Aug. 5 (Xinhua) -- China vowed to deepen its financial system reform and promote more efficient financial intermediation in support of domestic demand, according to a fact sheet released here on Wednesday. To meet the commitment, China would promote interest rate liberalization and consumer finance, said the economic track joint fact sheet of the first U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED).     It said China would accelerate the allocation of QFII quotas to billion and continue to allow foreign-invested banks incorporated in China that meet relevant prudential requirements to enjoy the same rights as domestic banks with regard to underwriting bonds in the inter-bank market.     China would gradually increase the number of qualified joint-venture securities companies that can participate in A-share brokerage, proprietary trading and investment advisory services subject to the condition of meeting relevant laws and regulations.     The country would also support qualified overseas companies to list on Chinese stock exchanges through issuing shares or depository receipts and continuously support qualified Chinese companies to be listed abroad, including in the United States, said the fact sheet.     From the U.S. side, the country would pursue comprehensive reform of financial regulation and supervision to create a more stable financial system and to help prevent and contain potential future crises.     Regulation and supervision would be strengthened to ensure that all financial firms that pose a significant risk to the financial system will be well regulated, major financial markets will be strong enough to withstand system-wide stress and the failure of large institutions, and the government has the tools it needs to respond rapidly and effectively when problems arise, the fact sheet said.     The United States pledged to continue to have strong oversight of the Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs). Through Congressional action, the country remained committed to ensuring that the GSEs were able to meet their financial obligations, it said.     The country was committed to undertaking a process of exploring the future of the GSEs, including through seeking public input, and the U.S. government resolved to report to Congress and the public by S&ED II.     In the joint fact sheet, China and the United States pledged continued close communication and coordination to promote financial stability and would work together to expedite the financial sector reform, to improve financial regulation and supervision, and to promote greater financial market transparency, so as to make their financial sectors more robust.     "We recognize the importance of ensuring sound regulation in our own countries and globally," said the fact sheet.     The two countries were undertaking IMF Financial System Assessment Programs (FSAPs) and would complete them in a timely manner,it said.     Both countries would continue to promote convergence towards a single set of high quality global accounting standards and would continue discussions on financial reporting matters.     "The United States and China welcome continued dialogue between the bilateral competent authorities on the oversight of accounting firms providing audit services for public companies in the two countries based on mutual respect for sovereignty and laws," it said.     The two countries would also conduct technical exchanges on the development of private pensions, and would share experiences and strengthen cooperation with regard to improvement of insurance regulation.     The first S&ED was held in Washington, D.C from July 27 to 28. The mechanism was jointly launched by Chinese President Hu Jintao and US President Obama during their meeting in April in London as a way to show elevation of the importance of China-U.S. cooperation under the new historical circumstances.  

BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- A grand military parade will be held at the heart of Beijing Thursday morning to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, underscoring the country's self-defensive policy.     "As an important force safeguarding world peace and development, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) will continue pursuing a national defense policy that is defensive in nature and pose no threat to other countries," said Lieutenant General Fang Fenghui, commander-in-chief of the parade and commander of PLA Beijing Military Area Command in an interview with Xinhua.     "We will stick to our country's policy to safeguard world peace and promote common development," Fang said.     China adheres to a long-standing defensive policy of "no first use of nuclear weapons" from the very beginning it developed its nuclear ammunition, Fang said.     Addressing the United Nations Security Council nuclear summit in New York on Sept. 24, 2009, Chinese President Hu Jintao proposed that all nuclear weapon states abandon the nuclear deterrence policy based on first use of nuclear weapons and take credible steps to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons.     "To realize a safer world for all, we must first and foremost remove the threat of nuclear war," Hu said. "All nuclear-weapon states should make an unequivocal commitment of unconditionally not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones, and conclude a legally-binding international instrument in this regard."     According to the White Paper "China's National Defense in 2008"released on Jan. 20 this year, China noted that its nuclear missiles of the Second Artillery Force "are not aimed at any country in peacetime."     China has been reporting on its national defense policy in a white paper every two years since 1998, introducing its national defense policy, the structure and development of the forces, the budgets and use of defense expenditure.     Chinese leaders have made repeated commitments to world peace and development since the nation's founding in 1949.     "For now and in the future, China would never seek hegemony, nor would we turn to military expansion or arms race with other countries," Chinese President Hu Jintao told heads of 29 foreign navy delegations attending the PLA Navy celebration in Qingdao on April 23, 2009.     "China will unswervingly stick to the road of peaceful development, which demands China to adhere to the defensive national defense policy," Hu said.     During the process of reform and opening up, the Chinese army takes it as the fundamental purpose to safeguard world peace, development and stability, as well as national sovereignty, security and development.     Wang Xinjun, a research fellow of warring theory and strategy at the PLA Military Science Academy, said defensive armaments were the majority of the PLA ammunitions as offensive weapons account for a very small proportion of its depot.     "This is the most distinctive aspect that makes PLA different from the troops in other countries," Wang said. "The core of Chinese military strategy lies in defensiveness rather than offensiveness."     Preparing to disclose many of its latest national defense strength in the parade, China holds on to its goal of a peaceful development.     "What poses threat to another country is not one country's military strength, but the policy it follows," said Major General Gao Jianguo, spokesman for the joint headquarters for the parade in Beijing.     "China unswervingly persists in taking a road of peaceful development, striving for a harmonious world that highlights global peace and common prosperity," Gao said. "Our military ties with foreign countries are based on equality, mutual trust and cooperation."     Through non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting at any third party, China has established military ties with more than 150 countries and set up military attaché offices in 109 countries. Meanwhile, 101 countries have set up military attaché offices in China.     Among the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, China currently sends the most peacekeepers. More than 13,000 Chinese peacekeepers have carried out 18 UN peacekeeping operations since China's first dispatch of military observers to such operations in 1990.     Since the end of last year, the Chinese navy has carried out escort missions in the waters of the Gulf of Aden off Somali and has escorted more than 800 ships.