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BEIJING, April 9 (Xinhua) -- The Ministry of Public Security announced a national action against human trafficking of women and children here Thursday, in wake of increasing incidences of these cases in China.     "The country has seen an increasing incidence of human trafficking of women and children recently, though the police have continued fighting such crimes for years," said Zhang Xinfeng, vice minister of public security at a meeting.     The nationwide crackdown will last from April to December this year, he said.     Police must carefully investigate residents to identify women and children victims and rescue them, he said.     They were also asked to collect information about possible victims and tightly follow leads, he said.     The police will also crack down upon those who seduce or force children to beg on streets or commit crimes, especially those masterminding such gangs, he added.

BEIJING, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao's five-nation "journey of friendship and cooperation" was very successful, Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said on Wednesday.     The tour, which started on Feb. 10 and ended on Feb. 17, took President Hu to Saudi Arabia, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania and Mauritius. Hu's visit to the five countries in the first month of the Chinese lunar new year was very successful as it fulfilled its goals -- consolidating friendship between China and these countries, boosting cooperation and reinforcing their will to tackle the joint challenges for common development, Yang said. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao addresses a welcoming rally attended by people from various sectors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Feb. 16, 2009    It was also of important significance to further advance the friendly ties between China and Saudi Arabia as well as between China and Africa and to enhance China's solidarity and cooperation with developing countries to stand hand-in-hand in the face of challenges, he said.     The visit, a significant diplomatic move taken by China to boost its ties with developing nations, was made at a time when international political and economic situations are undergoing profound change, and while the international financial crisis continues to spread, imposing a negative influence on developing countries, Yang said. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Mauritian President Anerood Jugnauth in Port Louis, Mauritius, Feb. 17, 2009.During the eight days, the Chinese president attended more than 50 events in the nations visited. He held talks with leaders in these countries on cooperation and joint development, as well as had extensive contacts with people from various sectors with brotherly interactions and friendship, Yang said.     He said the media in these countries and in the rest of the world paid close attention to Hu's tour and gave it abundant coverage with a positive and objective tone.     Noting that the tour consolidated and deepened the friendly cooperation between China and countries in Africa and Asia, Yang said it also boosted the friendship between the Chinese people and their counterparts in developing countries. The achievements included:     First, a new consensus was reached on jointly dealing with the challenge of the international financial crisis.     President Hu made the visit at a time when the impacts of the international financial crisis are gradually expanding, Yang said, adding that such impacts have spread from developed countries to emerging markets and developing nations, and affecting the real economy, posing increasing challenges to developing nations including China, Saudi Arabia and those in Africa. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) talks with Saudi Arabian King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz during their meeting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Feb. 10, 2009Hu expounded on China's view and position on how to tackle the crisis, stressing the need for the international community to be concerned about and try to minimize the suffering of the developing world, especially the least developed countries in the crisis, and expressed China's will to strengthen cooperation and coordinate actions with the international community, Yang said.     Hu extended support for increasing the role and voice of developing countries in reforming the global financial system and called on the international community to provide tangible assistance to help developing countries, especially the African ones, to overcome the difficulties.     The Chinese president pledged that China would fulfill policies and measures adopted at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, continue to increase assistance and offer debt relief to African countries within its capability, expand trade and investment toward the continent, and promote China-Africa pragmatic cooperation.     Hu emphasized that the harder the situation is, the more China and Africa should support and cooperate with each other to get through the difficulties.     Leaders of the host countries highly appreciated and warmly welcomed China's position, regarding it as conducive to strengthening coordination and cooperation among developing countries and building up confidence in jointly addressing the international crisis. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Malian President Amadou Toumany Toure in Bamako, Mali, on Feb. 12, 2009. Second, China's ties with Asia and Africa were pushed to a new stage.     Yang said the five nations and China enjoyed a solid political groundwork to further promote bilateral relations.     During his trip, leaders of the five countries and Hu held discussions and reached broad common ground on such significant issues as how to boost friendly cooperation, implement measures announced at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2006, and forge a new type of strategic partnership with Africa, Yang said.     In Saudi Arabia, Hu proposed guiding principles and measures to boost the China-Saudi strategic friendship, promote all-round pragmatic cooperation, as well as deepen cooperation between China and the Gulf Cooperation Council.     In the four African countries, Hu met their leaders on the further development of friendship and cooperation. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with his Senegalese counterpart Abdoulaye Wade in Dakar, capital of Senegal, Feb. 13, 2009They exchanged in-depth views on the current situation in the Middle East and Africa as well as other international and regional issues, and agreed to boost bilateral ties and push forward friendly cooperation to a new stage.     The president said as a developing country, China was ready to have closer cooperation and collaboration with the five nations, jointly maintain the interests and rights of the developing countries, and join hands with them to promote the South-South cooperation and North-South dialogue.     Third, to promote mutual benefit and win-win cooperation     Yang said Hu's tour to the five developing countries further deepened cooperation in various fields with them.     During the visit, China signed more than 20 cooperation agreements with the five nations in the fields of economy and trade, investment, energy and quality control, health, culture and infrastructure construction to further extend the depth and width of pragmatic cooperation.     During his visit to the African countries, President Hu said China would strengthen cooperation with them in agriculture, textile and infrastructure construction on the basis of mutual benefits, and a win-win principle.     Hu visited some China-aided projects, as part of follow-up actions to the Beijing Summit of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with his Tanzanian counterpart Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Feb. 15, 2009Such projects will help improve the general living standards of the local people.     In Saudi Arabia, Hu visited a cement production line in the capital of Riyadh, and the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. In Mali, Hu inaugurated a China-aided bridge construction project in the capital of Bamako and attended the inauguration of the China-Mali anti-malaria center.     Hu also attended the completion ceremony of Tanzania's state stadium and the Chinese culture center in Mauritius. He put forward new measures to enhance China-Africa cooperation, such as offering more chances for personnel training and scholarships to the four countries.     Yang said that China had developed comprehensive friendly relations with the four countries and provided unselfish assistance.     During Hu's visit, China reached consensus with the four African countries on enhancing bilateral trade and deepening pragmatic cooperation, which fully demonstrates the China-Africa cooperation has great potential and broad prospects based on equality, mutual benefits and a win-win principle for all.     Fourth, to create fresh highlights of friendly exchanges with local people.     President Hu received an abundance of warm greetings from the local people, an indication that Sino-Saudi and the Sino-African friendships were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, Yang said.     At airports, meeting venues, stadiums, construction sites, hospitals and even classrooms, Hu talked with the local people from various walks of life in a gentle and friendly manner.     Despite a tight schedule, Hu managed to meet with the media in all the countries he visited and, on behalf of the Chinese people, extended good wishes and friendship to the local people.     In the Malian capital of Bamako, tens of thousands of local people, from the outskirts all the way to Hu's downtown hotel, waved the national flags of both countries and chanted "Thank you, China," and "Long-live China-Mali Friendship" in a voluntary yet grand gesture of welcome for Hu.     During the completion ceremony of Tanzania's state stadium, a Chinese assistance project, more than a hundred teenagers performed Chinese martial arts and acrobatics, and sang popular Chinese folk songs such as "Na Ni Wan" which is about a great production campaign near Yan'an during the revolutionary 1940s.     Hu also showed his concern for Chinese aid workers in Africa. He met with a Chinese medical team in Mali and encouraged them to make further efforts to help their Malian counterparts to develop the country's medical and health industry.     In Tanzania, Hu paid tribute to a cemetery for Chinese experts who had worked and died in the country in honor of pursuing China-Africa friendship.

BEIJING, Feb. 7 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) has called for beefing up efforts to further push forward peaceful development of relations between the mainland and Taiwan.     A meeting on Taiwan work, held from Friday through Saturday, pointed out that major breakthrough had been made in development of relations across the Taiwan Straits in 2008.     The meeting urged doing solid job to further push forward development of cross-Straits relations and the process of cross-Straits consultations, continuing the progressive method of easy things first, difficult things later; and economic affairs first, political affairs later.     It urged consolidating the political bases that the two sides both oppose "Taiwan independence" and adhere to the "1992 Consensus", to maintain the momentum of the improving cross-Straits relations.     It urged vigorously beefing up economic exchanges and cooperation, fully realizing direct transport, postal and trade links, striving for normalization of economic relations and working for institutionalizing economic cooperation.     It orders taking effective measures to help Taiwan businesses on the mainland to overcome difficulties, implementing a series of policies that benefit Taiwan compatriots, beefing up cooperation in dealing with the international financial crisis.     It also urged vigorously pushing forward all-round exchanges, with emphasis on promoting cultural and educational exchanges and involving more Taiwan people in cross-Straits exchanges.     Jia Qinglin, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, attended the meeting and made a speech. Jia, who is also Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, urged following the guidelines put forward by CPC Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao on Taiwan work.     The meeting was presided over by State Councilor Dai Bingguo. The Taiwan Work Office of the CPC Central Committee director Wang Yi delivered a work report at the meeting.

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BEIJING, March 10 (Xinhua) -- Yi Gang, vice governor of China's central bank, said Tuesday that China still has room to cut interest rates, but such room is "quite limited".     "China still has room to cut interest rates, but not a lot," Yi told Xinhua.     "The room for cuts is quite limited, because a zero interest rate is not the best choice for China at the moment," he said.     The People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, has cut interest rates five times and reduced required reserve ratio for commercial banks four times since last September.     The one-year benchmark deposit rate now stands at 2.25 percent.     Yi pointed out interest rates of China and the United States are actually almost the same.     The 12-month deposit rate in the U.S. stands at around 2 percent, although its key interest rate, or an inter-bank rate, is zero to 0.25, he explained.     The equivalent inter-bank rate in China is at around 0.8 percent, he added.     China's current rate still has room for manoeuvre, Yi said, but if the interest rate falls to zero, there will be no more room for using interest rates to deal with any further world economic downturn.     Su Ning, also vice governor of the central bank, told Xinhua on Monday that China still has plenty of space to manoeuvre in its monetary policy.     Su said the room for further adjustment is "smaller but still exists."     "There's a quite a lot of room for cutting the bank's reserve requirement ratio," he added.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang Thursday urged the country's labor department to find employment for people this year.     China is facing a daunting task to secure jobs for its workforce after more than 20 million migrant workers lost their jobs in the global financial crisis. To compound the problem, more than seven million college graduates will be looking for jobs this year.     "We must ensure a stable employment situation this year, as employment is related to people's livelihood and the harmony and stability of the society," Zhang said at a working conference of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.     The country's urban unemployment rate increase 0.2 percentage points to 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, even though migrant workers are not included in that number.     Zhang asked the ministry to adopt more active policies to find employment for people.     Tax burdens of firms could be reduced, and preferential policies for social security coverage could be employed to help firms survive the crisis and keep jobs, Zhang said.     More subsidies should be offered to organize vocational training in order to get people reemployed, and training should be made more relevant to different jobs, he added.     The Vice Premier also said the government should step up building a social insurance system that covers both urban and rural residents, and continue to raise pensions for retired workers.     China created new jobs for 11.13 million people last year, 11 percent more than the target of 10 million.     The country also found jobs for five million laid-off workers and for 1.43 million who had difficulty in finding a job. The combined 6.43 million was again higher than the original target of five million.

BEIJING, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday hit back at a United States report on its human rights with its own report on the U.S. human rights record.     "The U.S. practice of throwing stones at others while living in a glass house is a testimony to the double standards and hypocrisy of the United States in dealing with human rights issues and has undermined its international image," the Information Office of the State Council said in its report on the U.S. human rights record.     The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2008 was in retaliation to the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2008 issued by the U.S. Department of State on Feb. 25.     For years, the United States had positioned itself over other countries and released the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices annually to criticize human rights conditions in other countries, using it as a tool to interfere with and demonize other nations, the report said. The U.S. has turned a blind eye to its own violations of human rights.     "As in previous years, the reports are full of accusations of the human rights situation in more than 190 countries and regions, including China, but mention nothing of the widespread human rights abuses on its own territory," China said in its report.     "The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2008 is prepared to help people around the world understand the real situation of human rights in the United States, and as a reminder for the United States to reflect upon its own issues," China said.     The report reviewed the U.S. human rights record from six perspectives: life and personal security; civil and political rights; economic, social and cultural rights; racial discrimination; rights of women and children; and the United States' violation of human rights in other countries.     The report warned the United States that widespread violent crime posed serious threats to its people's lives and security.     According to a report published in September 2008 by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the country reported 1.4 million violent crimes, including 17,000 murders and 9.8 million property crimes in 2007.     More frequent gun killings were a serious threat to the lives of U.S. citizens, the report said.     It quoted the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention assaying that 1.35 million high school students in 2007 were either threatened or injured with a weapon at least once on school property.     The report said an increasing number of restrictions had been imposed on civil rights in the United States.     It cited government surveillance of online activities, new legislation on government wiretapping last July, more cases of police abuse of force and neglect of basic rights of 2.3 million prisoners in the United States.     The United States was facing a number of social problems, including a wide wealth gap, increasing number of homeless, needy people and those suffering hunger, the report said.     It quoted the U.S. Census Bureau as saying in August 2008 that 12.5 percent of Americans, or 37.3 million people, were living in poverty in 2007, up from 36.5 million in 2006.     The unemployment rate increased from 4.6 percent in 2007 to 5.8percent in 2008, the report said.     People in the United States saw their pension plans shrink, health insurance cut and school tuition increase, while drugs, suicide and other social problems prevailed, according to the report.     The report said racial discrimination prevails in "every aspect of social life" in the United States, ranging from income, employment, education, to judicial system, often with African Americans as major victims.     "Nearly one quarter of black American households live below the poverty line, three times that of white households," it said, citing The State of Black America, issued by the National Urban League in March 2008.     The jobless rate for blacks was 10.6 percent in the third quarter of 2008, twice that of the whites, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.     The report said the African American high school graduation and college entry rates still lingered at the level of whites "two or three decades ago", and African American students in public schools were "more likely to get physical punishment than White children."     "African American youths arrested for murder are at least three times more likely than their white peers to receive life imprisonment without the possibility of parole," the report said, quoting a 2008 report of the New York-based Human Rights Watch.     It also mentioned the infringement of basic rights of indigenous Americans, inhumane treatment received by immigrants, and serious racial hostility and rising hate crime in the United States.     On "worrisome" conditions of women and children, the report said gender-based discrimination in employment, and domestic violence and sexual violence toward women were quite serious.     Also, an increasing number of children were living in poverty and danger of being physically or mentally harmed due to abuse and violence.     "The United States is one of the few countries in the world where minors receive the same criminal punishments as adults," the report said. "It is the only country in the world that sentences children to life in prison without possibility of parole or release."     "The United States has a string of records of trampling on the sovereignty of and violating human rights in other countries," the report said.     It listed the Iraq war, prisoner abuse at Guantanamo, the five-decade embargo against Cuba and arm sales.     The war in Iraq had claimed more than 1 million civilian lives and caused the same number of homeless people, it said.     The United States maintained the embargo against Cuba, though the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution urging itto end the embargo in last October.     U.S. arm sales reached 32 billion U.S. dollars in 2007 and weapons were sold to more than 174 nations and regions.     The United States was inactive on its international human rights obligations and offered outbound humanitarian aid that was dwarfed by its status as the richest country in the world, the report said.     China in the report advised the U.S. government to "face its own human rights problems with courage, and to stop applying double standards to human rights issues".     This is the 10th consecutive year that the Information Office of China's State Council has issued a report on the human rights record of the United States to answer the U.S. State Department's annual report.     "Respect for and protection of human rights is an important indication of civilization and progress of human society," the report said. "Every government shoulders a common responsibility in committing itself to the improvement of human rights conditions.

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MOSCOW, March 22 (Xinhua) -- Top think tanks from Russia and China discussed a wide range of security issues of common concern at a two-day seminar that ended here Sunday.     participants at the seminar exchanged ideas on world economic and political trend, the situation in Central Asia, and prospects for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) under the global security framework.     The seminar, "Russia and China in a new era," was co-chaired by China Institute for International Strategic Studies (CIISS) and Russian Council for Foreign and Defense Policy (CFDP).     Xiong Guangkai, chairman of the CIISS, and Sergei Karaganov, head of the CFDP, attended the meeting.     Participants in the meeting agreed that the current world is ata stage of profound change and major readjustment. The ongoing financial crisis has led to greater instability in global and regional situation. Yet, the world will continue to move towards multi-polarization despite emerging complexities in global situation.     Both sides believed that safeguarding security and stability in Central Asia serves the common strategic interests of China and Russia, and is also a necessity for deepening the two countries' strategic cooperation.     They also agreed the SCO, as a new organization of regional security cooperation, not only accords with fundamental interests of all the SCO members, but also contributes to regional and global peace and security. China and Russia shall strengthen understanding, trust and cooperation to ensure the sound development of the SCO.     As a national, nongovernmental institute on global issues, the CIISS keeps in touch with about 100 institutions from over 50 countries and regions across the world. The CFDP is Russia's famed think tank closely associated with several departments of Russian government and legislature.

SHENYANG, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- A senior Party official on Tuesday called for all-out efforts to safeguard fairness, justice and social stability, through improving the political and legal work and developing the law-enforcement sector.     Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, made the remarks at a workshop on political and legal work and safeguarding stability in northeast China, held in Shenyang, the capital of northeastern Liaoning Province.     Zhou, who also heads the Central Political Science and Law Commission (CPSLC) of the CPC, made an inspection tour of the three northeastern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning from Feb. 11-16 and attended the workshop on Wednesday.     The senior Party official urged local authorities, political and legal departments in particular, to implement central government's policies and integrate their efforts to safeguard social stability with efforts to achieve economic development.     "Social stability relies on economic development," he said.     Zhou told local authorities to conduct an assessment on social risks before deciding on a new policy. Officials should visit communities and villages to hear complaints from the people and learn about people's will, so as to resolve contradictions and disputes at the grassroots level, he said.     The official urged leading officials and law-enforcers to play a role in protecting the dignity and authority of socialist legal system.     "Every citizen must express their will and protect their rights in a reasonable and lawful way, so as to jointly safeguard the general stable situation of reforms and development," he said.     Law-enforcement must always give top priority to the Party's cause, the people's rights and interests, and the Constitution and law, Zhou said. He urged law-enforcers to be a guard for the safety of people's life and properties as well as social fairness and justice.     The workshop was presided by Minister of Public Security Meng Jianzhu, who is also a state councilor and deputy secretary of the CPSLC.     Wang Shengjun, president of the Supreme People's Court, also spoke at the workshop.

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BEIJING, April 3 (Xinhua) -- After a mere four-and-a-half hours, world leaders at the G20 summit in London decided to devote about 1 trillion U.S. dollars to supporting world economic growth and trade, an outcome that surprised many analysts with its scale.     But in that scant time, China had a chance to showcase its growing importance in the world economy. China said it would contribute 40 billion U.S. dollars to the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) increased financing capacity. That's only a small portion of the total, but it could take China's IMF voting rights from to 3.997 percent from 3.807 percent.     China's new voting share would still far behind that of the United States, which is first with about 17 percent.     However, since many countries' voting shares in the IMF are well under 1 percent, any incremental change gives a member just a little extra say in the workings of the multilateral organization. And so the potential change is a small step toward China's goal of having more influence on how the IMF, and the world financial system, operates.     HIGHER FINANCIAL STATUS     Economists said China's proposed contribution of 40 billion U.S. dollars was in line with its current development level and would mean a more influential voice for Beijing in international financial institutions and in shaping the world economic order.     "China's promise of extra funding was a contribution to the world economy and showcased the country's clout," said Zhao Jinping, an economist with the State Council's (cabinet's) Development Research Center.     Tang Min, deputy secretary general of the China Development Research Foundation, said the country's voting rights and quota of contributions to multilateral bodies still fell short of its status as the world's third-biggest economy.     He said China would further step up its contributions, and influence, as its economic power grew and reforms of the international financial system went forward.     Zhao said it was part of a long-term trend for developing countries like China to have more influence in decision-making at international financial institutions, noting that the "obsolete mechanism and structure of world financial organizations" failed to reflect an evolving world economy.     British special G20 envoy Mark Malloch-Brown was quoted in the China Securities Journal on Thursday as saying that an overhaul of the world financial system should start with international financial institutions and reforming the IMF meant China's voice must be bigger.     The G20 leaders' statement was a "positive signal" in that it gave a timetable for reforming the IMF and the World Bank, said Zhang Bin, an expert with the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a government think tank.     Zhao said China's obligations to international financial institutions should reflect not just the country's size but also the fact that China is still a developing country.     He urged China to expand its influence by actively joining multilateral or regional dialogues and offering more proposals on international issues.     "It should be a step-by-step process for China to shoulder more responsibility. It can't be accomplished in just one move," said Zhao.     LONG ROAD TO REFORM     Be it "a turning point," as U.S. President Barack Obama stated, or "a new world order," as British Prime Minister Gordon Brown claimed, the G20 summit was a major step in reshaping the global financial system, but there was still far to go, Chinese economists said.     "China should seek to expand its IMF quota and voting rights further after the summit. Although the statement give a timetable for reform, it remains unclear whether the goal can be achieved because that would affect the interests of the United States and the European Union," said Mei Xinyu, a researcher at China's Ministry of Commerce.     The G20 statement reads in part: "We commit to implementing the package of IMF quota and voice reforms agreed in April 2009 and call on the IMF to complete the next review of quotas by January 2011."     "On the one hand, China could count on the IMF restructuring, and on the other hand, it may start again somewhere else. For instance, it can push forward the establishment of the 120-billion-U.S.-dollar reserve pool agreed by several East Asian countries," Mei said.     Leaders of the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus China, Japan and the Republic of Korea agreed last month to speed up the creation of a foreign-exchange reserve pool of 120 billion U.S. dollars to address liquidity shortages.     Mei described the pool as an "Asian Monetary Fund," saying it could partly replace the IMF in Asia and help increase use of the Chinese currency in international trade.     Another government economist, Wang Xiaoguang, said the agreement served as a foundation for more concrete policies to tackle the global downturn and this would be good for global stability and China's own economic recovery.     Wang added that it was unrealistic to change the global financial order immediately, because it would cause conflicts among major economies.     "They will rework the current system rather than introduce a new one," he said.     Zhuang Jian, an economist at the Asian Development Bank, said the biggest challenge was how to implement those commitments. China should closely monitor the implementation of the agreement and decide whether its short-term objectives could be realized.     "China's appeals will be discussed after the summit," he said, referring to financial market reform and the position of emerging countries in the international financial system.     "I think the country will have a bigger say in the global financial system. But the G20 summit is just a forum, and if the global economy worsens, the agreement might end up as nothing more than words," he said.

BEIJING, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- All unemployed urban residents in China will have access to medical insurance this year as the country plans to expand the coverage of an insurance scheme to all cities and towns, according to a government official Saturday.     Li Zhong, vice director of Health Insurance Department under the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said at a forum that the program, which has benefited residents in more than 300 cities as of 2008, is expected to be promoted to all cities and towns this year.     The program, introduced in 2007, aimed to bring urban children, students and jobless adults under the umbrella of medical insurance.     China established a medical insurance system for urban employees in 1998 and implemented a new cooperative medical care system for rural residents since 2003.     If the program is successfully implemented, it means all Chinese residents can have access to medical insurance.     Under the program, the premiums are paid by households, instead of individuals. The government gives each participant a subsidy of at least 40 yuan annually, and grants extra subsidies for low-income families and disabled ones.     Residents have to pay a share of premium in the program and their participation is based on their free will. Urban residents with only temporary jobs could also participate in the program.     Li said the program will gradually increase its reimbursement rate and include more common diseases for compensation. The program currently mainly covers expenses of residents for hospitalization and major illness.     There are more than 240 million unemployed urban residents in China. Among them, more than 100 million have joined the program so far.