税收原则理论的历史演变及评价

三个代表的关键是什么

HANGZHOU, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Rescuers have confirmed four people were killed and 17 others missing following Saturday's collapse at a subway construction site in east China's Zhejiang Province.     Search is continuing for the 17 trapped in the provincial capital Hangzhou, said the rescue headquarters chief Wang Guangrong. Rescuers work at the collapsed road where a subway tunnel was under construction in Hangzhou, capital of east China's Zhejiang Province, Nov. 15, 2008. Rescuers had updated the number of the missing workers from the previous 18 to 17 after they recovered another body at about 10 p.m. on Sunday, which brought the death toll from three to four.     The accident happened at 3:20 p.m. on Saturday when a 75-meter-long section of the subway tunnel under construction collapsed at the Fengqing Avenue in Xiaoshan District, trapping at least 50 workers and creating a huge crater where 11 vehicles were trapped.     Most of the trapped workers were taken out safely and 26 injured workers were hospitalized. Nine of the injured had been discharged from hospital and the other 15 are still receiving treatment.     More than 1,000 policemen and fire fighters participated in the rescue work. They are pumping water from the tunnel as water from a nearby river flowed into the tunnel soon after the cave-in. Rescuers work at the collapsed road where a subway tunnel was under construction in Hangzhou, capital of east China's Zhejiang Province, Nov. 15, 2008. "There is a slim chance for the trapped workers to survive because of heavy flooding in the crater," said Wang, adding that the water level once reached six meters at its highest.     The construction undertaker, China Railway Construction Group Co., Ltd., has halted all the subway construction works in the city for safety checks, said the group's vice president Bai Zhongren.     The provincial work safety bureau and construction bureau have set up an investigation group to find out cause of the accident.     And a panel, composed of experts from Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing Urban Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang University, is working on the rescue operation scheme.     Under the expert panel's advise, authorities have evacuated three households living near the cave-in site. Their houses will be dismantled to make way for the mechanical operation in rescue and repair work, Bai said.     The families of the dead and the trapped workers are heading to the rescue site.

AMMAN, Nov. 23 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin arrived here Sunday on an official goodwill visit to Jordan as guest of Jordanian Senate President Zaid Al Rifaee.     In a written statement delivered upon arrival at the airport, Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), highlighted the steady development of Sino-Jordanian friendship and cooperation since the two countries forged diplomatic ties 31 years ago.     Jia said China attaches great importance to its relations with Jordan, and will make concerted efforts with the Jordanian side to promote bilateral traditional friendship and reciprocal cooperation. Jia Qinglin (front R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), is welcomed by Jordanian Senate President Zaid Al Rifaee at the airport in Amman, capital of Jordan, Nov. 23, 2008. Jia arrived here Sunday on an official goodwill visit to Jordan    He said his visit aims at enhancing understandings, mutual trust and cooperation.     He is looking forward to meetings with Jordanian leaders during which they will exchange in-depth views on bilateral relations and other issues of common concern.     "I believe this visit will further promote the understandings and friendship between the two peoples and push forward the further growth of bilateral substantial cooperation in various fields," said Jia.     Jordan is the first leg of Jia's four-nation visit which will also take him to Turkey, Laos and Cambodia. Jia Qinglin (front R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), is welcomed upon his arrival at the airport in Amman, capital of Jordan, Nov. 23, 2008. Jia arrived here Sunday on an official goodwill visit to Jordan

BEIJING, Oct. 20 (Xinhua) -- China's top economic planning agency on Monday said it would raise the minimum purchasing price for wheat by as much as 15.3 percent starting next year.     The move by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) aims to boost rural income and grain output. The country, with a population of more than 1.3 billion, relies mainly on domestic production for food.     By hiking grain purchasing prices the NDRC hopes to motivate farmers to increase agricultural production.     The government's minimum purchasing price for white wheat next year will be 0.87 yuan (12.7 U.S. cents) per 500 grams, 13 percent higher than prices in 2008. In addition, prices for red and mixed wheat will be 0.83 yuan per 500 grams, up 15.3 percent.     The agency also pledged to further increase subsidies for agricultural production materials, machinery and crop seeds.     It will also increase commercial reserves of fertilizer to help ensure market supply and price stability.     The NDRC would like to expand China's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.     On Oct. 11, China's Ministry of Agriculture predicted an increase in grain output for the fifth consecutive year.     According to estimates from the State Grain Information Center, this year's grain output should reach 511.5 million tons, up 10 million tons from 2007.     The central government allocated 102.86 billion yuan (15.1 billion U.S. dollars) in agriculture subsidies this year, doubling the money from 2007.     The NDRC also plans to raise the minimum purchasing price for rice next year, although it did not give further details.

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BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- Two TV rivals should have locked horns on Lunar New Year's Eve, but the alternative to the traditional China Central Television (CCTV) New Year gala, the "Shanzhai" show was just not available for most people in China.     Lao Meng, a Beijing-based wedding photographer who initiated a homemade gala focusing on performances by ordinary people, made the "Shanzhai" show - an "alternative" pastiche of CCTV's traditional gala. He called it "a real show by and for ordinary people."     The "Shanzhai" show which had claimed to be for college students and migrant workers who could not return home for the holiday, turned out to be only available on the Macao Asia Satellite TV (MASTV) and its website.     Most families in the country cannot get satellite TV channels, and the MASTV website page could not be opened from 8 p.m. to 11 p.m., when the show was on.     Lao Meng told Xinhua he did not know why, "maybe too many people were logging on to the website."     Lao Meng also said the show on MASTV was actually a recorded broadcast.     Unlike all CCTV gala's performers who performed live, Lao Meng and his performers were having a party to celebrate their "Shanzhai" gala in an indoor hall in Beijing on New Year's Eve.     Chen Jun, a magazine editor in Shanghai, said he was disappointed to not have access to the "Shanzhai" show.     "It was much all mouth and no trousers. I think it has let many people down," Chen said.     The "Shanzhai" gala had won wide support on the Internet and much media attention from home and abroad, as it claimed to make a show for common people and to challenge CCTV's gala.

BEIJING, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Friday called for a stronger high-level dialogue mechanism with the United States.     "China and the United States should continue to step up their high-level dialogue mechanism for substantive cooperation and stronger bilateral relations," Hu told visiting U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with United States Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 5, 2008.     Their meeting came after China and the United States concluded their two-day Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED), which produced 40 agreements in areas ranging from finance and trade to energy and the environment.     Included in Paulson's high-profile delegation were the U.S. secretaries of agriculture, labor, health and the environment, among others.     Led by Vice Premier Wang Qishan, the Chinese delegation included more than 10 ministers from such areas as finance, development and reform, agriculture, labor, commerce, health, the environment and the central bank.     "The two delegations should summarize the good experience and practice of the SED talks and jointly implement the consensus and agreements that are reached," Hu said.     Initiated by the two presidents in 2006, the biannual SED is the highest level of bilateral economic dialogue.     Hailing the positive outcomes of the talks, Hu said the dialogue was a success because the talks stuck to comprehensive, strategic and long-term issues and served bilateral economic and trade cooperation, as well as the overall bilateral relationship.     The successes also lay in the fact that the two sides took care of both nations' interests and concerns, broadened fields of bilateral cooperation and cultivated new areas for growth, Hu said.     "The dialogue helped the two nations increase mutual trust, narrow their differences and properly address the problems arising from the cooperation," Hu said. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with United States Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 5, 2008.     "China-U.S. relations now stand in an important era connecting the past and the future," President said.     China values its ties with the United States and sees the 30th anniversary of diplomatic ties as an opportunity, Hu said.     "Let's maintain the direction of the constructive cooperation, step up dialogue, increase mutual trust, expand cooperation and take the bilateral relationship to a new high," Hu said.     Paulson said the launch of the SED was a farsighted strategic decision made by the presidents of the two nations.     The just-concluded dialogue was the final SED meeting for Paulson, who will step down next January.     Paulson, a key figure in establishing the SED mechanism, hailed the role of the SED in boosting bilateral trade relations and promoting the world economy over the past two years.     The SED succeeded in dealing with the strategic economic relations, addressing the complicated and subtle issues and promoting the bilateral ties, he said.     On U.S.-China relationship, Paulson said it was one of the most important bilateral relations in the world.     He reaffirmed that the United States would like to work with China to further boost their ties.

LIMA, Nov. 20 (Xinhua) -- China is willing to make concerted efforts with Latin American countries to establish a comprehensive cooperative partnership of equality, mutual benefit and common development, Chinese President Hu Jintao said here Thursday.     China, as the largest developing country in the world, is willing to work with Latin America, an important developing region, to boost mutual cooperation to a higher level, which conforms to the trends of the times and their respective development needs, President Hu said in his address to the Peruvian Congress.     Hu put forward five proposals to boost Sino-Latin American ties.     Firstly, China and Latin American countries should maintain high-level exchanges and contacts, improve bilateral and multilateral political consultation and dialogue systems at various levels, while continuously enhancing mutual political trust.     Secondly, to deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in economy and trade, China and Latin America should optimize trade structure and increase mutual investment, especially in the fields of manufacturing, infrastructure construction, energy, minerals, agriculture and high technology, said Hu.     China is willing to continue providing assistance for the economic and social development of Latin American and Caribbean countries within its ability, Hu said.     Thirdly, China and Latin American countries should enhance communication and coordination on their stances on such global issues as climate change, food security, energy and finance, multilateral trade system and the UN Millennium Development Goals.     Under the current complex international financial and economic situation, China and Latin America should join hands and participate in the framing of international economic, financial and trade rules, so as to help the international economy develop in a fairer and more reasonable direction, the Chinese president said.     Fourthly, Hu said China and Latin America should learn from each other and make progress in the fields of social welfare and development.     Both sides should carry out pragmatic cooperation in poverty reduction, education, social security, medical and health care, environmental protection and disaster relief, he said.     Finally, both sides should take effective measures to deepen and boost cooperation in culture, sports, media and tourism, said Hu.     The Chinese leader arrived in Lima on Wednesday for a state visit to Peru and the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting scheduled for Nov. 22-23.     During his speech, Hu said that to forge the comprehensive cooperative partnership, both sides should first grasp the theme of common development because development is a basic way to improve people's well-being and promote social development.     He added that both China and Latin America are at a crucial time of development and China is willing to expand pragmatic cooperation with Latin American countries in various fields to boost common development.     The president said that to forge the comprehensive cooperative partnership, both sides also need to pursue the basic principle of equality and mutual benefit.     According to Hu, China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and uphold the opening up strategy of mutual benefit and win-win progress. It maintains that all countries, big or small, rich or poor, strong or weak, should be equal and regards safeguarding and developing the common interests of China and Latin American countries as the starting point and the purpose of bilateral cooperation.     China respects the rights of people in Latin American countries to independently choose their paths of development, treats Latin American countries equally and takes into account their concerns in cooperation in a bid to realize mutual benefit and win-win results.     Hu stressed that innovation and all-round cooperation are also required to build China-Latin America comprehensive cooperative partnership.     He added that China is willing to work with Latin American countries to innovate their cooperation mode, expand their cooperation field, and enrich cooperation content in order to achieve more tangible results and better benefit their peoples.     Hu said that he has agreed with his Peruvian counterpart Alan Garcia to build a strategic partnership between the two countries.     "We have agreed to build a China-Peru strategic partnership and strive to deepen and enrich the mutually-beneficial cooperation between the two countries in all fields," Hu said.     Peru, which is one of the fastest growing economies amongst Latin American nations, is playing an increasingly important role in the world and regional affairs, he said.     Recalling the long history of friendship between the Chinese and Peruvian peoples, Hu said their mutual political trust is ever expanding and cooperation and exchanges in various fields is developing rapidly in an all-around way.     China and Peru have each other's support and have worked closely in dealing with international affairs, Hu said. China has become Peru's second largest trading partner and Peru is one of the major destinations for Chinese investment in Latin America.     Hu had talks with Garcia on Wednesday afternoon on efforts to expand mutually beneficial cooperation and further develop bilateral relations.     "We've come to the agreement that China and Peru, both developing nations, share wide common interests and the same target for development. Strengthening their links is not only in keeping with the fundamental interests of the two countries and their peoples, but also conducive to exchanges and cooperation between the Asian and Latin American regions," Hu said.     "China has always attached strategic importance to promoting cooperation with Latin America," Hu said.     "I made it clear that China hopes to become a trustworthy and all-weather friend, a mutually beneficial cooperative partner of Latin America and make the two a role model for active dialogues between different civilizations when I visited the region in 2004," the president said.     Hu thanked Latin American countries for their aid during the devastating earthquake in southwest China in May and their support for China on Taiwan, Tibet and other issues.     Hailing the rapid expansion of trade between China and the region, Hu noted that their trade reached the threshold of 100 billion U.S. dollars last year, an over ten-fold increase compared to 10 years ago.     In addition, their cultural exchanges continue to grow with an increasing number of events featuring each other's cultures and more tourist arrivals and exchange students, Hu said.     Confucius Institutes have been set up in more and more Latin American nations and many renowned media in the region have set up their branches in Beijing, he said.     The mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese and Latin American peoples is ever deepening, while the foundations of their ties have further consolidated and China and Latin America are facing more opportunities for the future development of their relations, Hu said.

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BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- China held a reception here on Friday to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the China-Japan Peace and Friendship Treaty signing, calling on both nations to make joint efforts to further boost bilateral relations.     President Hu Jintao and visiting Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso attended the reception.     Recalling the history of the Sino-Japanese relations, Hu said 30 years ago senior leaders, including late leader Deng Xiaoping and ex-Japanese Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda, made a strategic decision to sign the treaty.     He called it an important historic document in bilateral ties since the normalization of relations in 1972.     Hu said the treaty had for the first time nailed down the general direction of bilateral ties featuring peaceful co-existence and long-term friendship. He added it had played an important role in pushing forward the ties in a correct fashion.     Since then, peace, friendship and cooperation remained in the mainstream of the relation despite some twists and turns, he said.     The four political documents signed between the two countries had laid a political foundation for the long term stable development of bilateral ties, Hu said, adding both sides had made hard-won progress in cooperation in various areas.     After the normalization of the ties, the political and economic exchanges between the two nations had developed quickly.     On Oct. 23, 1978, China and Japan exchanged documents of ratification of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship during the visit of the then Chinese Vice Premier Deng to Japan. This had become one of the four important political documents (the other three are the joint statement in 1972, the joint declaration in 1998 and the joint statement in May) for the ties.     Hu thanks all those who had contributed to cementing the China-Japan friendship, adding insightful officials of two countries, including the seven Japan-China friendship institutions, had made great efforts to push forward bilateral friendship, despite the variety of domestic and international situations.     The Sino-Japanese relations were at a new starting point to create history and faced important opportunities for further development.     "We are willing to work with the Japanese side to increase political mutual trust, intensify cooperation and friendly exchanges to advance China-Japan strategic and reciprocal relations," Hu noted.     Aso highlighted the bilateral exchanges and cooperation of the past 30 years, attributing the development of the relation to people who were working hard to push forward the ties.     China and Japan are permanent neighbors, and the relations between the two should be in the nature of indispensable partnership. Aso called on the two countries to continue their dialogue and exchanges at various levels and cement consultation and cooperation in aim to achieve joint development and help to promote the stability and prosperity of Asia and the world.     Aso arrived in China on Thursday evening to attend the seventh Asia-Europe Meeting. It was his first visit since taking office last month.

BEIJING, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Friday called for a stronger high-level dialogue mechanism with the United States.     "China and the United States should continue to step up their high-level dialogue mechanism for substantive cooperation and stronger bilateral relations," Hu told visiting U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with United States Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 5, 2008.     Their meeting came after China and the United States concluded their two-day Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED), which produced 40 agreements in areas ranging from finance and trade to energy and the environment.     Included in Paulson's high-profile delegation were the U.S. secretaries of agriculture, labor, health and the environment, among others.     Led by Vice Premier Wang Qishan, the Chinese delegation included more than 10 ministers from such areas as finance, development and reform, agriculture, labor, commerce, health, the environment and the central bank.     "The two delegations should summarize the good experience and practice of the SED talks and jointly implement the consensus and agreements that are reached," Hu said.     Initiated by the two presidents in 2006, the biannual SED is the highest level of bilateral economic dialogue.     Hailing the positive outcomes of the talks, Hu said the dialogue was a success because the talks stuck to comprehensive, strategic and long-term issues and served bilateral economic and trade cooperation, as well as the overall bilateral relationship.     The successes also lay in the fact that the two sides took care of both nations' interests and concerns, broadened fields of bilateral cooperation and cultivated new areas for growth, Hu said.     "The dialogue helped the two nations increase mutual trust, narrow their differences and properly address the problems arising from the cooperation," Hu said. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with United States Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 5, 2008.     "China-U.S. relations now stand in an important era connecting the past and the future," President said.     China values its ties with the United States and sees the 30th anniversary of diplomatic ties as an opportunity, Hu said.     "Let's maintain the direction of the constructive cooperation, step up dialogue, increase mutual trust, expand cooperation and take the bilateral relationship to a new high," Hu said.     Paulson said the launch of the SED was a farsighted strategic decision made by the presidents of the two nations.     The just-concluded dialogue was the final SED meeting for Paulson, who will step down next January.     Paulson, a key figure in establishing the SED mechanism, hailed the role of the SED in boosting bilateral trade relations and promoting the world economy over the past two years.     The SED succeeded in dealing with the strategic economic relations, addressing the complicated and subtle issues and promoting the bilateral ties, he said.     On U.S.-China relationship, Paulson said it was one of the most important bilateral relations in the world.     He reaffirmed that the United States would like to work with China to further boost their ties.

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ALGIERS, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- Visiting top Chinese legislator Wu Bangguo held talks Wednesday with Abdelaziz Ziari, speaker of the Algerian National Assembly, on issues of common concern and they agreed to boost bilateral relations and cement cooperation between the two parliaments.     China and Algeria always handle the bilateral relations from a strategic perspective, said Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), highlighting that the relations have endured the test of time since the two countries established diplomatic relations 50 years ago.     Wu expressed his appreciation of Algeria's adherence to the one-China policy, noting that China respects the choice Algerian people have made on path to develop their own nation.     China feels satisfied with the current bilateral cooperation especially with the two-way collaboration at multilateral occasions on issues of UN reform, human rights and anti-terrorism, he said.     Wu offered a four-point proposal to promote China-Algeria relations: firstly, maintain high-level exchange and increase political mutual trust; secondly, expand the substantial cooperation especially in infrastructure, agriculture and energy for mutual benefit; thirdly, intensify the exchange on humanitarian issues to carry out the traditional friendship; and lastly, strengthen coordination with an aim to safeguard the common interests.     Ziari, for his part, called Wu's visit to Algeria "a big event "for the bilateral relations and "a symbol" marking a higher level of the inter-parliamentary cooperation.     The speaker agreed with Wu's views on the bilateral relations and recalled the fact that China was the first non-Arab country who recognized Algeria's independence and forged the diplomatic relations with it, while expressing his gratitude to China's assistance to Algeria's national development. Wu Bangguo(2nd L, front), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, and Abdelaziz Ziari (2nd R, front), Speaker of the Algerian National Assembly, sign on a memorandum on the exchange and cooperation between the top legislatures of China and Algeria in Algiers, Algeria, on Nov. 4, 2008.Algeria and China shared a solid foundation to foster ties and Algeria would unswervingly support China's constructive role on world affairs and make joint efforts with China to transfer the political will of developing ties into real actions so as to enrich the bilateral cooperation and enhance the strategic and cooperative ties, Ziari said.     On the inter-parliament cooperation, Wu said one of his main purposes of the visit is to further promote the friendly relations between the two parliaments and push forward the cooperation among the various special inter-parliamentary committees and friendly groups.     Ziari highlighted the commitment of the Algerian National Assembly to promoting the friendly relations with the NPC, calling on the two sides to boost cooperation so as to inject new vitality into the bilateral cooperation.     The two parliament leaders also signed a memorandum on the inter-parliamentary cooperation after the talks.     Wu, who is on the first leg of his five-nation Africa tour, also met with Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika in the day. Wu spoke highly of the bilateral relations, saying the ties between the two nations are "in their best time."     Wu said the good political relations should work effectively to promote the development of the trade cooperation, pledging that China would make concerted efforts with Algeria to step up cooperation with mutual benefit and give a fully play to the two business communities especially on some big projects which could help push forward the overall development. Wu Bangguo (L, front), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, meets with Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika in Algiers, Algeria, on Nov. 4, 2008.The Chinese government would encourage Chinese enterprises with good reputation to start their business and invest in Algeria, and it also welcomes Algerian companies to further their investment, Wu told Bouteflika.     Echoing Wu's views, Bouteflika said China is a sincere friend of Algeria, noting that the North African country expects to work closely with China and hopes to see more Chinese enterprises to invest in Algeria.     Algeria and China should work together on such fields as energy and resource, infrastructure and telecommunication, the president added.     The two leaders also called on the concerned parties of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum to strengthen their cooperation to further carry out the agreements inked at the Beijing Summit and focus on the next-phase cooperation at an early date.

BEIJING, Jan. 8 (Xinhua) -- China has called on state enterprises and academic institutions to step up efforts to attract more leading Chinese scientists studying overseas, a move that would enable the country to stay globally competitive.     According to a guideline issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, high-quality Chinese talent in foreign countries, especially those at the frontier fields of science and technology, is needed for China to embrace global competition and forge ahead with its opening up.     Priority should be given to the recruitment of leading scientists who are able to make breakthroughs in key technologies, develop high-tech industries and lead new discipline areas, said the guideline.     It urged key laboratories, state-owned commercial and financial institutions, high-tech zones, and higher institutions to create favorable conditions to attract more overseas Chinese experts to serve their motherland.     Efforts should be made to make sure they are well-treated, have good career prospects and enjoy convenient service, the guideline stated.     "(We should) further emancipate our mind, break away out-of-date rules and regulations, improve relevant policies, and fully understand, trust and use them." it said.     Chinese scientists who have studied abroad have long played a crucial role in developing the country's industry, education and national defense programs. Among them were Qian Xuesen, China's father of space technology, Li Siguang, founder of China's geomechanics and Deng Jiaxian, nuclear physics expert.     An official with the Organizational Department of the CPC Central Committee has said that a large portion of scientists from the country's two top academies studied abroad.     More than 80 percent of the academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have studied abroad. The figure for the Chinese Academy of Engineering is 54 percent.