浅谈中国戏曲文化及其发展

可塑性记忆

BEIJING, June 23 (Xinhua) -- State President and Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao urged all Chinese people Tuesday to remember and study the morals and demeandour of former state president Li Xiannian (1909-1992).     Li won respect and love from the CPC, People's Liberation Army and people for his contribution to China's independence and the Chinese people's emancipation, China's socialist revolution, construction, reform and opening-up drive, and the building of the country into a modernized socialist nation that is prosperous, powerful, democratic and civilized, Hu said at a memorial meeting to mark Li's 100th birthday. Chinese President and Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao speaks at a memorial meeting to mark the 100th birthday of former state president Li Xiannian (1909-1992), in Beijing, China, June 23, 2009.Hu called Li a "great proletarian revolutionary, statesman, strategist and a staunch Marxist and outstanding Party and State leader."     Other state and CPC leaders attending the memorial service included Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, and Zhou Yongkang. Jia presided over the gathering.     Hu spoke highly of Li's prominent role in different periods of the CPC-led Chinese revolution, including the armed revolution of the 1920s-40s, the early development of New China in the 1950s-70s,and the epochal reform and opening-up drive launched in the late 1970s.     Li was born into a poor peasant family on June 23, 1909, in Huang'an, Hubei Province, central China. He took part in the CPC-led Peasants' Movement and joined the Party in the 1920s.     In 1927, Li led a group of peasants to join in the Huangma Uprising. Later, he became a member of the CPC-led Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and played an important role in strategic battles and maneuvers of the Red Army.     During the Long March, Li supported Zhu De and other senior leaders in resolute struggle against the splittist activities of Zhang Guotao.     In China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-45) and the Liberation War (1946-49) against the Kuomintang Regime, Li became a ranking officer in the CPC-led armed forces and fought a large number of major battles and established several revolutionary bases.     After 1949, the year the People's Republic of China was founded, Li served as vice premier for 26 years and played a big role in managing the economy. He was wrongly criticized and persecuted during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976).     Starting in the late 1970s, as a core member of the second-generation of CPC leadership headed by Deng Xiaoping, Li assisted Deng in ushering in and carrying on the reform and opening-up drive.     In his final years in service, Li held top-level Party and state roles, including vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee, a Standing Committee member of the Political bureau of the CPC Central Committee, state president, and chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

BEIJING, June 2 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States are ratcheting up efforts to prepare for strategic and economic talks this summer as U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner continues his visit to Beijing.     "China-U.S. relations show a good momentum of development as both sides have kept close contacts since the new U.S. administration took office," President Hu Jintao told Geithner at the start of their meeting Tuesday afternoon. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R FRONT) meets with visiting U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner (L FRONT) in Beijing, capital of China, June 2, 2009Hu reviewed his first meeting with U.S. President Barack Obama in London in April when both agreed on building a "positive, cooperative and comprehensive relationship for the 21st century" and launching China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue.     "As both sides agreed to hold the first round of dialogue in Washington D.C. in July, I hope both will work closely, step up preparation so as to make the dialogue a success," Hu said in a statement issued by the Chinese Foreign Ministry.     Hu characterized the dialogue mechanism as "an important platform for both nations to deepen understanding, mutual trust and cooperation."     The strategic track of the dialogue will be chaired by Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, while the economic track will be chaired by Vice Premier Wang Qishan and Geithner.     "As influential nations in the world, China and the United States share extensive common interests and shoulder important responsibilities in tackling global economic challenges and resolving the world hot-button issues," Hu said.     He said China would like to work with the United States to strengthen dialogues at all levels, expand exchanges and cooperation for fresh progress in bilateral relations in the new era.     Geithner, on first visit to China as Treasury chief, said his visit was "a good start" of building bilateral ties and "looked forward to holding the dialogue in Washington D.C."     He hailed bilateral "capacity to work together in global stage" and said he saw "early signs of stabilization of the economies."     Earlier afternoon, Premier Wen Jiabao also met with Geithner in Zhongnanhai, the central leadership's compound near the Forbidden City in Beijing. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) meets with visiting U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner in Beijing, capital of China, June 2, 2009"The foremost task for both countries is to work more closely to address the global economic downturn, oppose protectionism in trade and investment, promote reform in international financial system, tighten oversight of international reserve currency so as to ensure the stability and growth of China, the United States andthe world," Wen said.     During his three-day visit, Geithner had a flurry of meetings with China's top economic team, including Vice Premier Wang Qishanand chiefs of commerce, finance, banking and securities, among others. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (1st R) meets with visiting U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner (1st L) in Beijing, capital of China, June 2, 2009In an hour-long meeting with Geithner Monday, Wang said, "The major task of our economic dialogue is to address the global economic slowdown.     "We will send a message that China and the United States are cooperating substantively to get over the difficult times, which will help boost confidence, promote global financial stability and economic recovery," Wang said.     Geithner told Wang, "The world is going through an exceptionally challenging period now and I think the world has a huge stake in our two countries working closely together to lay a foundation for recovery."     On Monday in a speech to students at China's Peking University, Geithner said that China's investments in the United States "are very safe. ... We have the deepest, most liquid financial markets in the world."     Geithner also struck a positive note on the global economy, citing the initial signs of improvement. Visiting U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner (2nd R) meets with representatives of eight U.S. clean energy companies with branches in China, at Beijing's Capital Museum, June 2, 2009Earlier Tuesday, Geithner visited Beijing's Capital Museum, which is partly powered by solar energy, generated by panels manufactured by Michigan-based Uni-Solar Company.     Geithner also met with representatives of eight U.S. clean energy companies with branches in China at the museum, pledging to learn from China and other countries to improve energy efficiency.     "The core part of the U.S.-China cooperation will be on the energy part. We expected it to be the central part of the new strategic and economic dialogue we just put in place," Geithner said.     "The world is gonna be watching what we do together as countries in this area, as they are watching us cooperate to help resolve the global recession of financial crisis," he said. Visiting U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner (2nd R) meets with representatives of eight U.S. clean energy companies with branches in China, at Beijing's Capital Museum, June 2, 2009.At the end of Geithner's visit, Clinton and Geithner issued a joint statement on the Strategic and Economic Dialogue, saying the first meeting of the dialogue will be held in Washington D.C. "during the last week of July 2009."     They said, "The dialogue will focus on addressing the challenges and opportunities that both countries face on a wide range of bilateral, regional and global areas of immediate and long-term strategic interest."     Geithner left Beijing on Tuesday evening.

WASHINGTON, April 25 (Xinhua) -- Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of the People's Bank of China, said on Saturday that positive changes have taken place in the Chinese economy, whose overall performance is better than expected.     "Facing the impact of the financial crisis, the Chinese government has promptly introduced a policy package to expand domestic demand and maintain financial stability, striving to respond to the impact of the financial crisis," said Zhou at the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) meeting held here on Saturday. Chinese Central Bank Governor Zhou Xiaochuan attends a meeting of the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) in Washington April 25, 2009. "Positive changes have appeared in the operation of the national economy, and overall performance is better than expected," said the Chinese central bank governor.     The slowdown in GDP growth has been contained, with GDP growth in the first quarter of 2009 reaching 6.1 percent, while the growth rate in industrial production has also rebounded, with industrial added value growing 5.1 percent over the same period last year, said Zhou, adding that "there are signs of gradual stabilization."     Meanwhile, Zhou warned that the Chinese economy is still facing challenges. "It should be recognized that the rebound in China's economy remains to be consolidated," he said.     "The internal and external environments are still challenging, external demand continues to shrink, the decline in export volume is relatively large, some industries have excess capacity, government revenue is falling, and employment pressures continue," he noted.     The Chinese government will continue its implementation of an aggressive fiscal policy and a moderately accommodative monetary policy, and implement the package plan in response to the crisis, said Zhou.     He stressed that the long-term economic development trend in China has not changed.     "As macroeconomic policies gradually take effect, China's economy has the conditions for maintaining relatively rapid development," he said

贵州叛逆初中生管教学校

BEIJING, June 12 (Xinhua) -- China's ethnic culture is an important component of the Chinese culture, has made enormous contribution to the formation and development of the Chinese Nationality, and has been a valuable spiritual treasure shared by the Chinese Nationality.     This was remarked by Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, at a national work conference on ethnic culture, which opened here Friday. Li Changchun (L, front), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with the delegates of a national work conference on ethnic culture, in Beijing, capital of China, June 12, 2009.In a meeting with the delegates prior to the opening of the conference, Li called for deepening the study and practice of a scientific view of development, as well as efforts to open up a new situation for the undertakings of the country's ethnic culture.     The official hailed the enormous achievements China has made in the undertaking of ethnic culture since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and particularly since the country took to the Reform and Opening-up Policy in 1978. The undertakings of China's ethnic culture is now at a new historic starting point, he said.     The country will step up the building of infrastructure for public cultural facilities in minority areas, by well implementing a series of cultural projects funded by central finance. He pledged to send the voices of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to millions of homes of the minority people, so as to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of ethnic groups.     Great efforts will be made to promote international exchanges of the ethnic culture, so as to increase the competitiveness and impacts of the Chinese culture, Li said.     He called for further strengthening and improving the Party leadership on the work of ethnic culture and making efforts to build up a massive and high-quality group of ethnic cultural workers.     Also present at the meeting were three members of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, including Vice Premier Hui Liangyu, CPC Central Committee Secretariat Member Liu Yunshan, and State Councilor Liu Yandong.     The conference, the first of its kind in the country, was attended by provincial officials from across the country in charge of the matter, as well as officials from some central departments concerning ethnic affairs, culture, media and cultural heritage.

BEIJING, May 31 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao visited two primary schools in Beijing Sunday, joining children in language classes, games and kite painting, and wishing them a healthy and bright future.     Hu made the visits on the eve of the annual International Children's Day, which falls on Monday and will be celebrated by about 250 million children under the age of 14 across the country.     Hu first went to Jushan Primary School, where 90 percent of some 700 students are children of migrant workers from outside the Chinese capital. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) stays with Chinese and foreign children at Fangcaodi International School in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, capital of China, May 31, 2009, one day ahead of the International Children's DayThe boarding school is seen as a model of equal and quality teaching for migrant children.     Hu joined first grade children, who were learning Chinese idioms such as "When you drink water, think of its source." Satisfied with their understanding, Hu told them to learn to be grateful for what they enjoyed and to study hard.     During a handcraft session, the president was shown works made from recycled materials and paper. He happily joined several students in finishing a mosaic map of China, using pieces of egg shell.     "This is a good idea to use recycled materials to make handcrafts. I hope you become more aware of saving natural resources and environmental protection," Hu told the excited kids. Chinese President Hu Jintao (3rd R) is present at a class at Fangcaodi International School in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, capital of China, May 31, 2009, one day ahead of the International Children's DayOn the school's playground, the president's skill at kicking shuttlecock, a popular game among Chinese, won him applause.     He stressed children of rural migrant workers in cities should enjoy same rights to standard education so they can grow up equally healthy and happy as the children of urban residents.     During a visit to the Fangcaodi Primary School, an international school, Hu's attention was attracted by a group of first grade foreign students who were speaking fluent Chinese.     The smiling president listened them saying their names, ages and their home countries. He also acted as a teacher, discussing the differences between lemons and oranges. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) visits Chinese and foreign children at Fangcaodi International School in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, capital of China, May 31, 2009, one day ahead of the International Children's Day.Hu joined the children painting kites and doing makeup of traditional Peking opera. He also taught kids to make dumplings, atypical Chinese food.     Established in 1956, the school has more than 4,000 foreign students from more than 150 countries and regions. Many are children of foreign diplomats, experts and business people living in Beijing.     Before leaving, Hu told Chinese and foreign students to help each other and to make progress together for a better world.     Other senior Chinese officials also took part in activities on Sunday to celebrate Children's Day. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) watches a performance by pupils at Jushan Primary School in the Haidian District of Beijing, capital of China, May 31, 2009, one day ahead of the International Children's Day. Li Changchun, a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Political Bureau, attended an evening gala in Beijing that featured songs, dance, martial arts and acrobatic performances by young artists.     Chen Zhili, vice-chairwoman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, China's top legislature, was invited to a national singing performance in Beijing.     Almost 1 million children will join activities in the next four months to sing patriotic songs that will be recorded and broadcast by China National Radio.     In a separate gathering in Beijing, Chen praised a charity program to aid girls who had dropped out of school because of poverty. Chinese President Hu Jintao (3rd R Back) poses for a photo with pupils at Jushan Primary School in the Haidian District of Beijing, capital of China, May 31, 2009, one day ahead of the International Children's Day.In 1989, the Children's Foundation of China, the All-China Women's Federation, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Nationalities Affairs Commission, jointly launched the "Spring Bud Program" to pool donations from across the country to help millions of young girls who are forced to drop out of school.     The program has helped an estimated 1.7 million girls, mainly of primary and junior middle school levels, return to school in the past two decades.     Chen, who also chairs the All-China Women's Federation, told the meeting that the program plans to help poor female students to finish high school, as well as to provide technical training.Li Changchun (C), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee meets with children after attending an evening gala in Beijing that featured songs, dance, martial arts and acrobatic performances by young artists in Beijing, China, May 31, 2009.

BEIJING, July 3 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Friday called for continued vigilance against the global pandemic of the A/H1N1 influenza and urged positive and scientific measures to cope with it.     Wen made the comment at the executive meeting of the State Council, China's Cabinet.     He underscored the importance of preventing and controlling the disease in public places such as schools and hospitals and called for intensified efforts in treating patients with serious symptoms so as to reduce the likelihood of fatalities. So far, there have been no deaths from the flu in China.     Inspection and quarantine measures should be strengthened and reserves of flu-prevention and control materials must be secured, he said.     Flu medicine and vaccines should be made and stored as scheduled and the role of traditional Chinese medicine in treating the disease should not be neglected, he added.     He also asked local authorities to make prevention and control plans based on local conditions and formulate management measures on flu patients' medical expenses.     The Premier has also championed the importance of health education and public opinion guidance in fighting against the disease.

嘉兴逃学孩子改变学校

BEIJING, June 29 (Xinhua) -- China raised gasoline and diesel prices by 600 yuan (about 87.8 U.S. dollars) per tonne, starting zero o'clock Tuesday.     The increase raised the price for gasoline by about 0.45 yuan per liter, or 8.6 percent, and the price of diesel by about 0.51 yuan per liter, or 9.6 percent, said the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) in a statement on its Web site.     It was the third oil price adjustment this year. On May 31, the NDRC raised the pump prices of gasoline and diesel by 400 yuan per tonne, or 7 percent and 8 percent, respectively.     The adjustment was in response to "recent international oil price fluctuation" under the country's new fuel pricing mechanism, as international crude prices kept rising, said the statement.     According to the new mechanism, China's domestic prices are to be "indirectly linked" to global crude prices "in a controlled manner."     Under the pricing mechanism, China would consider changing benchmark retail prices of oil products when the international crude price rises or falls by a daily average of 4 percent over 22working days in a row.     Oil prices settled at 69.16 dollars a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange Friday, registering a 4.2 percent rise from the price of 66.31 dollars a barrel when the last adjustment took place on May 31.

潮州问题高中生管教学校

BEIJING, July 3 (Xinhua) -- Rainstorms since early the week have swept a wide swathe of south China, leaving dozens people dead or missing and forcing hundreds of thousands to evacuate.     In Jiangxi Province, two people were killed, three more were missing and more than 100,000 have been evacuated following the heaviest rain this summer, local flood control authorities said. The rain damaged 178,000 hectares of crops, caused 8,231 houses to collapse, and incurred a direct economic loss of 1.31 billion yuan (191.7 million U.S. dollars). Flood submerges houses at the Xinyuan village in Ruijin, a city of east China's Jiangxi Province, July 3, 2009. More than 60,000 people have been transfered due to the flood caused by heavy rainfall in south Jiangxi Province    By 3 p.m. Friday, average rainfall in the province was 97.4 millimeters, while the maximum topped 540.8 millimeters in Niedu town of Chongyi County. The province, for the first time in history, issued the highest level of rainstorm alarm on Friday.     Many reservoirs were swollen because of the rain, among which six were discharging water, while levels in the rest were under the alarm line.     In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, four were missing and 11,845 were evacuated. The torrential rain also damaged 12,440 hectares of crops and killed 53,300 head of cattle. People walk on a flooded street in Guilin, a city of southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, July 3, 2009. Due to heavy rainfall, the water level of Lijiang River which passes Guilin reached 147.5 meters at 17:00 pm on Friday, 1.8 meters over the alert level. Some scenic spots in Guilin City has been closedBoats have been banned on the Lijiang River as water levels rose to alarming levels, Chen You, head of Guilin maritime bureau, told Xinhua late Friday.     In Hunan Province, seven were killed and one was missing in rainstorm-related disasters. The rainstorms damaged 113,000 hectares of crops, killed 6,500 head of cattle.     The rains also disrupted traffic on 79 roads and forced 152 businesses to halt production in Hunan.     In north, Beijing is plagued with higher-than-normal temperature and it is forecast to receive less-than-normal rainfalls.     The Chinese capital on Friday issued an orange alert for hot weather, the third of its kind this summer. Temperature in parts of the city exceeded 37 Celsius degrees Friday. Halted bamboo rafts are seen on the Lijiang River in Guilin, a city of southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, July 3, 2009. Due to heavy rainfall, the water level of Lijiang River reached 147.5 meters at 17:00 pm on Friday, 1.8 meters over the alert level. Some scenic spots in Guilin City has been closed

URUMQI, July 12 (Xinhua) -- The violence-torn Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is plodding on the road to recovery amid vigilance one week after the violence in its capital city of Urumqi that left 184 people dead and 1,680 injured.     Police with riot gears were inspecting checkpoints, combing coaches for runaway suspects involved in the deadly violence.     Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, said in his tour to the autonomous region on Sunday that to maintain social stability is the top concern of the livelihood of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang for the time being.     The regional government chairman Nur Berkri said in a televised speech Sunday afternoon that the number of people injured in violence on July 5 had risen to 1,680.     Altogether 216 of the 939 hospitalized are seriously injured and 74 injured fatally, he said.     An oil tank explosion occurred at a chemical plant in Urumqi Sunday morning. Police ruled out the possibility of intentional sabotage after on-the-spot investigation but said the reason of the explosion needs further investigation.     At the suburb of Aksu City, people who flocked into the Uygur bazaar, Toksun, as the local residents called it, said they had felt something different.     "There are much fewer people compared with what it was before the violence," said Tunxunjiang Tuohuniyazi, a local Uygur who were visiting the bazaar with his wife.     "On my way here, I saw a lot of policemen," he said. "But I understand it. The heavy security helps ensure our safety."     The bazaar, which boasts 3,000 stands, only saw a little more than 500 of them in business on Sunday.     Tuniyazi Yiming, a vender busy baking dumplings, said his turnover halved with number of the bazaar visitors on such a sharp decline.     The same bleak business picture could be seen in the border city of Kashgar in southern Xinjiang, where markets and bazaars reported only a few visitors.     Also hurt is the the region's tourism. Sources with the Urumqi Municipal government told Xinhua that because of the riot, 1,184 tour groups had cancelled their plans to visit the city as of Sunday.     They involved 74,218 travelers, including 10,731 tourists from overseas.     Railway authorities said Sunday that situation in the Urumqi's train terminal is normal.     The passenger volume was reported at 21,000 persons at the station on Sunday, 4,000 fewer than Saturday.     "There are no so-called 'waves of refugees' and ticket scalpers reported by some overseas journalists in the train terminal," said Chen Kai, vice chief of the South Train Station of Urumqi.     In Urumqi, thousands of youngsters have expressed their willingness to serve the city by signing up to be volunteers.     "Two days after the hotline was launched, we have received more than 1,600 calls," said Yu Yinglong, head of the Volunteer Association in Urumqi. "They volunteered to serve in hospitals and to give psychological help to those who were traumatized in the violence."     "The Koran teaches us that Muslims should be united. It teaches us to live in harmony with non-Muslims as well. Muslims and Non-Muslims should help and get along with each other on equal footing," said Xiahabuding Aihaiti, a teacher with the Xinjiang Academy of Islamic Scriptural.     (Writings by Xinhua writer Gui Tao, reportings by Xinhua staff Li Jianmin, Fu Yuncheng, Liu Hongpeng, Mao Yong, He Jun, Gu Qianjiang, Yuanye and Huang Yan in Xinjiang)