流过血的才是主角

写作检测的思辨性

BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese central and local governments have poured money into the building of a national cultural information and resources sharing network, deemed as the base for the country's public cultural service system, the Ministry of Culture said Monday.The central government has planned to invest 2.476 billion yuan (362.6 million U.S. dollars) in the project during the country's 11th five-year (2006-2010) plan, among which 2.07 billion yuan (303 million U.S. dollars) has been allocated so far, according to the ministry.The total investment from local governments has reached 2.7 billion yuan (395 million U.S. dollars). One national service center has been established, along with 33 provincial-level centers and nearly 3,000 county-level branch centers, according to the ministry.Initiated in 2002, the project was committed to digitizing domestic cultural resources and sharing them nationwide via Internet, satellite transmission and discs.Vice Minister of Culture Zhou Heping said Monday that the project has made new progress as local governments kept innovating in ways of transmission.The project has extended to a population of 50 million people, according to Zhou.The ministry on Monday also launched a promotion scheme of county-level digital libraries, aiming at transmitting resources from the National Digital Library to nationwide county-level libraries via the cultural information and resources sharing network.The plan would be implemented in 320 counties ahead of the two-week-away Spring Festival, while by the end of this year, a total of 2,940 counties across the country would have libraries with digital library services, the ministry said.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

SHANGHAI, Feb. 20 (Xinhua) -- Two Chinese educational institutions blamed for cyber attacks on Google and other firms said Saturday the allegations are unfounded.The New York Times reported Thursday the cyber attacks on Google and other American firms have been traced to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) and Lanxiang Vocational School (Lanxiang) in east China's Shandong Province, which the report alleged has ties to the Chinese military."We were shocked and indignant to hear these baseless allegations which may harm the university's reputation," said a SJTU spokesperson.The spokesperson said the allegation linking the attacks with SJTU students or teachers does not hold water."The report of the New York Times was based simply on an IP address. Given the highly developed network technology today, such a report is neither objective nor balanced," the spokesperson said.SJTU will fully cooperate with investigators if Google seeks judicial remedies, the spokesperson said.Li Zixiang, party chief at Lanxiang, another alleged source of the attacks, said, "Investigation in the staff found no trace that the attacks originated from our school."Lanxiang students are still on their winter vacation, Li added.He said Lanxiang has no relations with the military, adding that school authorities do not have military backing.He also dismissed the report's suggestion of involvement of a "specific computer science class" taught by a Ukrainian professor."There is no Ukrainian teacher in the school and we have never employed any foreign staff," Li confirmed."The report was unfounded. Please show the evidence," he said.Lanxiang, founded in 1984, has about 20,000 students learning vocational skills such as cooking, auto repair and hairdressing.The computer science class offers basic courses about Photoshop, 3D drawing and Word -- not software engineering."It was not until 2006 that our graduates began to join the army. So far, 38 students have been recruited by the military for their talent in auto repair, cooking and electric welding," said Zhou Hui, director of the school's general office, who stressed it is natural for citizens to join the army at a proper age.Google said on Jan. 12 it might pull out of the Chinese market, citing disagreement with government policies and unidentified attacks targeting Google's services in China.

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BEIJING, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- China on Saturday decided to suspend scheduled visits between the Chinese and U.S. armed forces, in response to Washington's plan to sell a package of arms worth about 6.4 billion U.S. dollars to Taiwan. "We made the decision out of considerations on the severe harm of the U.S. arms sales to Taiwan," said Defense Ministry spokesman Huang Xueping in a statement.The U.S. government on Friday announced the plans to sell a package of arms to Taiwan, which include Patriot missiles, Black Hawk helicopters and minesweepers. China immediately expressed strong indignation about the sale after the U.S. government notified the U.S. Congress of the plans.Qian Lihua, director of the Defense Ministry's Foreign Affairs Office, on Saturday summoned the defense attache of the U.S. Embassy in Beijing to lodge a stern protest."The Chinese military expresses grave indignation and strongly condemns such a move to grossly interfere into China's internal affairs and harm China's national security interests," Qian said in a press release of the office.Taiwan issue is related to China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and concerns China's core interests."The U.S. arms sales to Taiwan gravely violates the three joint communiques between China and the United States, and seriously endangers China's national security and harms China's reunification course," Qian said.The U.S. such move also constitutes severe violation of the agreements reached by the top leaders of both sides on the China-U.S. relations in the new situation, he said.It runs counter to the principles of the joint statement issued during U.S. President Barack Obama's visit to China in November last year, said Qian.The U.S. plan will definitely bring about serious negative impact on the relations between the two countries and militaries, and will to the end severely undermine the interests of the United States itself, he noted.The United States have reiterated in many occasions that it will adhere to the one-China policy, abide by the three joint communiques and support the peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan Straits."However, the United States now takes faithless action to sell arms to Taiwan again," Qian said such plans severely poison the political foundation of the relations between the two militaries, and produce grave obstacles to military exchanges between the two sides.Qian urged the United States to respect China's core interests and concerns, take practical actions to abide by its solemn commitments on Taiwan issue, withdraw its arms sales items to Taiwan, and stop military links with Taiwan, in order not to create further damage to the relations between the two countries and the two militaries and to the peace and stability across the Taiwan Straits."We reserve the right of taking further actions," he noted.According to Huang, the spokesman, "such a move is gravely against especially the 'Aug. 17' communique signed in 1982."The U.S. side states in the Communique that "it does not seek to carry out a long-term policy of arms sales to Taiwan" and "intends to reduce gradually its sales of arms to Taiwan, leading over a period of time to a final resolution.""We will never give in or compromise in this issue," the statement quoted Huang as saying, noting that the Chinese military will firmly fight against any move to destroy China's national sovereignty security and territorial integrity.

BEIJING, March 16 (Xinhua) -- China and Britain Tuesday inaugurated their first higher-level strategic dialogue during British Foreign Secretary David Miliband's visit to China.Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo and Miliband co-chaired the dialogue, which was held at vice foreign minister level in the past."Elevating the strategic dialogue mechanism is a meaningful event," Dai said at the start of the talks, noting that the mechanism was an important channel for the two nations to make in-depth communication.Dai hoped the two sides would make use of the mechanism to have candid discussion on strategic issues in bilateral and international relations. Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo (2nd, R) meets with British Foreign Secretary David Miliband (2nd, L) in Beijing, capital of China, March 16, 2010. Dai Bingguo and Miliband held the strategic dialogue here on Tuesday"This will help us to increase mutual trust and respect, and to promote the stable and healthy growth of China-Britain ties," Dai said.Miliband said the dialogue between the two nations "had always been strategic," and he was vary glad to see the elevation of the dialogue mechanism.Miliband agreed with Dai that major countries should respect each other and enhance cooperation to shoulder common responsibilities.Expressing appreciation for China's achievements in economic growth, Miliband said Britain welcomed China's contributions to the world economy.Miliband hoped the two nations would increase cooperation in tackling climate change and in economic and security sectors.Britain would work with China, on the basis of mutual respect, to push forward the bilateral strategic and cooperative partnership, he said.Miliband is visiting China from March 14 to 17 as a guest of his Chinese counterpart, Yang Jiechi.During talks between the two foreign ministers earlier Tuesday, Yang said China-British relations were developing well, and lifting the level of the bilateral strategic dialogue would further promote bilateral relations."We are willing to work with Britain to further promote our comprehensive strategic partnership," Yang said.He hoped the two nations would enhance communication and strengthen mutual understanding and mutual trust.Yang also suggested the two nations address the financial crisis as an opportunity to actively explore cooperation in financial services, clean energy, renewable energy, energy saving and environmental protection, and to further expand investment and trade links.Yang said the two countries should respect each other's core concerns, including those related to sovereignty and territorial integrity.China and Britain should work together, in line with the principles of mutual respect and equality, to correctly view and properly handle differences, Yang said.

WASHINGTON, March 18 (Xinhua) -- The efforts by U.S. legislators to pressure China to reform its currency is to make China a scapegoat of the U.S. domestic politics, and may actually hurt the U.S. economy, according to articles published by U.S. well known media in recent two days.The Wall Street Journal said Thursday that U.S. lawmakers "want to make the yuan a scapegoat and risk a trade war with China," referring to the U.S. Senators' bill proposed Tuesday to call for China to appreciate its currency yuan.Under the pressure of the election year and high unemployment, U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer and four other senators unveiled a legislation to threaten China for punitive duties on goods from China if it does not let yuan appreciate against the U.S. dollar.The China-made clothes are sold at a Marshalls store in New York, the United States, March 18, 2010. The Americans may find that the appreciation of China's RMB will increase their living cost, as many goods they have been consuming are made in China"China is right to resist these calls, not least because a large revaluation could damage China's growth," the Wall Street Journal said in its Review and Outlook column. "China has helped to lead the global economy out of this recession, and the world needs that to continue."

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BEIJING, Feb. 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping on Sunday urged improvement of the Party's role in leading the economic work as the country pushes forward transformation of the economic development mode.Xi, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, made the call at the closing ceremony of a seminar for provincial and ministerial level officials, which began on Feb. 3.Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (2nd L), also a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau and a member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, speaks during the closing session of a seminar on the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development and the transformation of the mode of economic development in Beijing, capital of China, Feb. 7, 2010. The seminar, attended by the country's provincial and ministerial chiefs, opened on Wednesday at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee in Beijing"As the international environment is experiencing major changes and the country's economic development is showing a series of new characteristics, we must... adapt ourselves to changes and accelerate the transformation of the economic development mode," said Xi, adding that the country should sharpen the competitive edge of its economy amid fierce international competition and meet people's expectations for a better life.He said that in the drive, Party committees must exert full efforts in guidance while Party organizations at lower levels should strengthen their role in implementation with Party members setting examples for others.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- China remains the largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasury securities as at the end of December, the U.S. media reported on Saturday.The report quoted the new government data as saying that China held 894.8 billion dollars in Treasury securities at the end of December, more than 755 billion dollars that had been previously estimated.But the new report also showed China trimmed its holdings of U. S. debt by 34.2 billion U.S. dollars in December.The U.S. Treasury reported on Feb. 16 that Japan surpassed China as the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities in December. But the new estimate said Japan, now back in second place, held 765.7 billion dollars in December.Japan had been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities until China gained that distinction in 2008."Purchase of Treasuries by China would reflect only purchases by an entity in China from an entity based in the U.S.," Stone & McCarthy Research Associates said in a recent client note."The Data would not pick up purchases done on behalf of Chinese investors by dealers in the U.K or Hong Kong, for example, nor would it pick up purchases of Treasuries by investors in China from investors based outside of the U.S.," it added.China defended its move to reduce its holdings of U.S. Treasury securities, saying the United States should take steps to promote confidence in U.S. dollar .Last week, when responding to questions on China's sale of U.S. Treasury securities in December, China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said the issue should be viewed from two perspectives.He said on the one hand, China always followed the principle of "ensuring safety, liquidity and good value" in managing its foreign exchange reserve. And when it came to how much and when China buys the bonds, the decision should be made taking into account the market and China's need, so as to realize rational deployment of China's foreign exchange property, he said.And on the other hand, the United States should take concrete steps to beef up the international market's confidence in the U.S. dollar, Qin said.The way to view the issue was similar to doing business, he said.

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LONDON, Feb. 15 (Xinhua) -- British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said "Gong Xi Fa Cai", or "Wishing you prosperity" in Chinese, on Monday during a reception held at 10 Downing Street to mark the start of the Chinese Lunar New Year.In a message to mark the occasion, Brown said the government would continue to promote values shared with the thriving Chinese community such as the belief in "hard work, enterprise, community spirit and strong families."British Prime Minister Gordon Brown (1st L) expresses warm new year wishes to attendees during a reception at No. 10 Downing Street, the residence of the Prime Minister, in London, capital of the U.K., Feb. 15, 2010. Brown hosted a reception for overseas Chinese in Britain here on Monday to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year that falls on Feb. 14 this yearBrown said: "We are doing all we can to ensure economic stability and job security and I am proud that many Chinese entrepreneurs continue to create employment and contribute to the nation's GDP."Almost 100 guests including television presenter Gok Wan visited Number 10 to celebrate the beginning of the Year of the Tiger.   British Prime Minister Gordon Brown expresses warm new year wishes to attendees during a reception at No. 10 Downing Street, the residence of the Prime Minister, in London, capital of the U.K., Feb. 15, 2010.

BEIJING, Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Saturday sent a message of condolence to his Chilean counterpart Michelle Bachelet over the casualties and property losses caused by the powerful earthquake that struck Chile earlier in the day.Hu, on behalf of the Chinese government as well as in his own name, extended sincere condolences to Bachelet, the Chilean people and government as well as deep sympathies to the earthquake victims.Hu said China was ready to offer emergency relief assistant to Chile to help those affected by the earthquake through their difficulties.Hu said he was confident that under the leadership of the government, Chile would be able to overcome the catastrophe and reconstruct its homeland.A massive 8.8-magnitude earthquake rocked southern Chile early Saturday, killing at least 122 people, and Bachelet has declared a "state of catastrophe" in the country.